Storage and transportation schemes for a one-hundred-megawatt-hour-class shaft-type gravity energy storage system

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0196

Abstract

Abstract:

Large-capacity shaft-type gravity energy storage (GES) systems are effective tools for long-term energy storage. For applications requiring direct grid connection owing to the transient support characteristics of motors, graded heavy blocks are feasible tools for achieving flexible power regulation in shaft-type GES systems. However, megawatt (MW)-level hundred-ton heavy-block energy storage systems exhibit significant power intermittency, and MWh-capacity GES systems require numerous heavy blocks. Thus, the grading of these heavy blocks, as well as their storage and transportation, becomes critical issues in system operation. To address these challenges, this study proposes a solution that considers the graded storage and optimal path transportation of heavy blocks. First,a weight limit is used to divides the mass of the heavy blocks into four grades based on the adjustable maximum power of battery packs and energy storage, with the total number of blocks per grade being determined by the typical daily sunlight duration. Second, the storage area is designed to maximize space utilization. Based on thislayout, and considering the transportation time and constraints on the number of blocks, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to design the shortest possible routes for transporting the heavy blocks. Thereafter, the total storage area for the heavy blocks is divided into sections, after which four automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are employed for coordinated transportation. The minimum acceleration requirements for these AGVs are then derived to ensure efficient operation. Finally, the effectiveness of large-scale storage and transportation of a 100 MWh GES system is verified using typical daily net load power-fluctuation smoothing.

Key words: gravity energy storage, mass grading, storage partition, path planning

CLC Number:

TM 921.2

Xiaochao ZENG, Jianning JIANG, Jianwen LI, Chunbao GUAN. Storage and transportation schemes for a one-hundred-megawatt-hour-class shaft-type gravity energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3839-3847.

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重物块质量m/t	边长L/m	转矩T/Nm	额定速度下输出功率P/MW
104	3.42	3000000	16
70	3.04	2010000	10.77
35	2.41	990000	5.39
17.5	1.91	510000	2.69

重物块质量m/t	块数/块	单个储存方格边长L/m
104	374	4
70	64	3.5
35	64	3
17.5	64	2.5

项目	转矩	机侧电流/A		网侧电流/A		输入功率/MW	输出功率/MW
项目	转矩	基波有效值	THD	基波有效值	THD	输入功率/MW	输出功率/MW
发电	3000000	2874	0.53	3536	2.29	15.78	15.35
	3000000*0.67	1926	0.87	2405	1.54	10.52	10.33
	3000000*0.33	950	1.17	1190	1.53	5.2	5.15
	3000000*0.17	490	2.20	621	1.53	2.67	2.65

储能	3000000	2873	0.60	3725	2.37	16.26	15.68
	3000000*0.67	1923	0.76	2472	1.61	10.73	10.51
	3000000*0.33	946	1.5	1203	1.86	5.27	5.15
	3000000*0.17	486	2.26	617	1.48	2.68	2.67