锂电池系统热管理技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，电动汽车技术和新能源电站储能技术发展迅猛，这些技术对所使用的电池要求越来越高。锂电池因其转换效率高、能量密度大、环境友好等优点，具有较好的应用前景。但锂电池的使用寿命、安全性等特性受温度的影响较大，需要对其进行有效的热管理研究。针对此问题，本文主要分析了锂电池的温度特性，总结了锂电池在电动汽车和储能电站中的应用情况以及热释放特点，比较了目前已有的锂电池热管理技术。最后指出了动力锂电池热管理系统轻量化、经济化的发展方向。

关键词: 锂电池系统, 热管理技术, 储能, 热特性

Abstract:

In recent years, electric vehicle technology and energy storage technology for new energy power plants have developed rapidly, and these technologies have increasingly high requirements for the batteries in operation within a narrow optimal temperature range. Lithium batteries are commonly employed because of their high conversion efficiency, high energy density and environmental friendliness. Particularly, the service life, safety and other characteristics of lithium batteries are greatly affected by temperature, which requires effective thermal management. In this paper, the thermal performance of lithium batteries is analyzed, and the application of lithium batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage power stations are investigated. Also, the existing thermal management technologies for lithium batteries are compared. Finally, the development direction of lightweight and economical thermal management system for power lithium battery is pointed out.

Key words: Lithium battery system, Thermal management technology, Energy storage, Thermal performance

中图分类号:

TB 21

朱信龙, 王敏俊, 徐鑫甜, 张倩维, 王均毅, 施红. 锂电池系统热管理技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0046.

图/表 3

参考文献 59

1	张子峰,王林,陈东红. 集装箱储能系统散热及抗震性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术,2013,2(6):642-648.
	Zhang ZF, Wang L, Chen DH. Research on heat dissipation and seismic resistance of containerized energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(6):642-648.
2	赛迪智库电子信息产业研究所.«锂离子电池产业发展白皮书(2017)»发布[J].
	Institute of Electronic Information Industry, Saedi Intelligence. White Paper on Lithium-ion Battery Industry Development (2017) [J].
3	谢潇怡,王莉,何向明, 等.锂离子动力电池安全性问题影响因素[J].储能科学与技术,2017,6(1):43-51.
	XIE X Y, WANG L, HE X M, et al. Factors influencing the safety issues of lithium-ion power batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology,2017,6(1):43-51.
4	WANG S Q, LU L G, REN D S, et al. Experimental investigation on the feasibility of heat pipe-based thermal management system to prevent thermal runaway propagation [J]. Electrochem Energy Convers Storage, 2019, 16: 031006.
5	WANG K, GAO F, ZHU Y L, et al. Internal resistance and heat generation of soft package Li4Ti5O12 battery during charge and discharge [J]. Energy, 2018, 149: 364-374.
6	马勇,张量,王亦伟,蒋方明.储能用LiFePO4锂离子电池的热安全特性电池:1-5[2021-01-30].
	Ma Y, Zhang Q, Wang YW, Jiang FM. Thermal safety characteristics of LiFePO4 lithium-ion batteries for energy storage Cell:1-5 [2021-01-30].
7	Rui Zhao, Junjie Gu, Jie Liu. An experimental study of heat pipe thermal management system with wet cooling method for lithium ion batteries. 2015, 273:1089-1097.
8	Feng X, Sun J, Ouyang M, et al. Characterization of large format lithium ion battery exposed to extremely high temperature[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,272 (Dec.25):457-467
9	Li D, Danilov DL, Gao L, et al. Degradation Mechanisms of C6/LiFePO4 Batteries: experimental analyses of cycling-induced aging[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2016;210:445-445.
10	Amine K, Liu J, Belharouak I. High-temperature storage and cycling of C-LiFePO 4 /graphite Li-ion cells. 2005, 7(7):669-673.
11	Amine K, Liu J, Kang S, et al. Improved lithium manganese oxide spinel/graphite Li-ion cells for high-power applications. 2003, 129(1):14-19.
12	Zheng H, Sun Q, Liu G, et al. Correlation between dissolution behavior and electrochemical cycling performance for LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2-based cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2012,207(Jun.1):134-140.
13	赵世玺,郭双桃,赵建伟,等. 锂离子电池低温特性研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2016, 44(1): 19-28.
	ZHAO SX, GUO S, ZHAO JW et al. Development on low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2016, 44(1): 19-28.
14	Spotnitz R, Franklin J. Abuse behavior of high-power, lithium-ion cells. 2003, 113(1):81-100.
15	Larcher D, MacNeil D, Dahn J. Comparison of the reactivity of various carbon electrode materials with electrolyte at elevated temperature[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1999,146(10):3596-3602.
16	Feng X, Fang M, He X, et al. Thermal runaway features of large format prismatic lithium ion battery using extended volume accelerating rate calorimetry. 2014, 255:294-301.
17	WARNER J. The handbook of lithium-ion battery pack design[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2015, 32(2): 217-222.
18	Dickinson B E , Swan D H . EV Battery Pack Life: Pack Degradation and Solutions[C]// Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. 1995.
19	邹政耀,王若平.新能源汽车技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012.
	Zou ZY, Wang RP. New energy vehicle technology [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2012.
20	陈雪莲,张存善,安然.电池热管理及电池安全技术[J].电源技术, 2020,44 (8):1177-1181.
	Chen X, Zhang C, An R. Battery thermal management and battery safety technology[J]. Power Technology,2020,44(8):1177-1181.
21	Wada M. Research and development of electric vehicles for clean transportation[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China,2009,21(6):745-749.
22	Park C W,Jaura A K,Dynamic thermal model of Li-ion battery for predictive behavior in hybrid and fuel cell vehicles[J]. Society of Automotive Engineers,2003,01:2286.
23	白雪平. 磷酸铁锂电池储能系统的应用[J]. 高科技与产业化, 2016, 4: 71-73.
	BAI X. Application of lithium-ion battery energy storage system[J]. High-Technology and Industrialization, 2016, 4: 71-73.
24	曾乐才. 储能锂离子电池产业化发展趋势[J].上海电气技术, 2012, 5(1): 43-48.
	ZENG L. Research and analysis of Li-ion battery industry development for energy storage[J]. Journal of shanghai Electric Technology, 2012, 5(1): 43-48
25	陆志刚, 王科, 刘怡, 等. 深圳宝清锂电池储能电站关键技术及系统成套设计方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2013, 37(1): 65-69.
	LU Zhigang, WANG Ke, LIU Yi, et al. Research and application of megawatt scale lithium-ion battery energy storage station and key technology[J]. Automation of Electric Power System, 2013, 37(1): 65-69.
26	罗军, 田刚领, 张柳丽, 等. 集装箱式储能系统温度特性研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2019(9): 48-52.
	LUO J, TIAN G, ZHANG L, et al. Research on temperature characteristics of container energy storage system[J]. Electrical Appliances and Energy Efficiency Management Technology, 2019(9): 48-52.
27	逯彦红,段国林.车用锂电池散热方法研究[J].电源技术, 2016,40(12):2476-2478.
	Lu Yanhong, Duan G. Research on heat dissipation methods for automotive lithium batteries[J]. Power Technology, 2016,40(12):2476-2478.
28	FAN L, KHODADADI J M, PESARAN A A. A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 238: 301-312.
29	YU K, YANG X, CHENG Y, et al. Thermal analysis and two-directional air flow thermal management for lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 270(4): 193-200.
30	李金芳,叶琪超,应光耀, 等.基于CFD的储能集装箱散热系统流场优化[J].浙江电力,2020,39(6):94-98.
	Li JF, Ye QC, Ying GY, et al. CFD-based flow field optimization of energy storage container heat dissipation system[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power,2020,39(6):94-98.
31	李淼林,臧孟炎,谢金红,李长玉,程清伟.锂离子电池组风冷散热仿真与优化[J].电源技术,2019,43(11):1805-1809.
	Li M, Zang M, Xie J, Li C, Cheng Q. Simulation and optimization of air-cooled heat dissipation in lithium-ion battery packs[J]. Power Technology,2019,43(11):1805-1809.
32	王晓松,游峰,张敏吉,孙洋洲.集装箱式储能系统数值仿真模拟与优化[J].储能科学与技术,2016,5(04):577-582.
	Wang X, You F, Zhang M, Sun Oceania. Numerical simulation simulation and optimization of containerized energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology,2016,5(04):577-582.
33	杨凯杰,裴后举,朱信龙, 等.某型集装箱储能电池模块的热设计研究及优化[J].储能科学与技术,2020,9(6):1858-1863.
	YANG Kaijie, PUI Houju, ZHU Xinlong, et al. Thermal design research and optimization of a certain type of container energy storage battery module[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology,2020,9(6):1858-1863.
34	Fan L W, Khodadadi J M, Pesaran A A. A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 238: 301-312.
35	邹燚涛,裴后举,施红,等.某型集装箱储能电池组冷却风道设计及优化[J].储能科学与技术,2020,9(6):1864-1871.
	Zou Xiaotao, Pei Houju, Shi Hong, et al. Design and optimization of cooling ducts for a certain type of containerized energy storage battery pack[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology,2020,9(6):1864-1871.
36	HUO Y, RAO Z, LIU X, et al. Investigation of power battery thermal management by using mini-channel cold plate[J]. Energy Conversion & Management, 2015, 89: 387-395.
37	PANCHAL S, DINCER I, AGELIN-CHAAB M, et al. Experimental and theoretical investigation of temperature distributions in a prismatic lithium-ion battery[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2016, 99: 204-212.
38	HUO Y, RAO Z, LIU X, et al. Investigation of power battery thermal management by using mini-channel cold plate [J]. Energy Conversion & Management, 2015, 89: 387-395.
39	张上安.混合动力车用锂电池组液体冷却散热机理研究[D]. 湖南大学,2013.
	Zhang Shangan. Research on liquid cooling and heat dissipation mechanism of lithium battery pack for hybrid vehicles[D]. Hunan University, 2013.
40	裴波,王磊,杨栋梁, 等.基于浸没式液冷冷却的锂电池热管理系统数值计算研究[J].船电技术,2020,40(11):1-5.
	Pei Bo, Wang Lei, Yang Dongliang, et al. Numerical calculation of thermal management system for lithium batteries based on submerged liquid-cooled cooling[J]. Marine Electric Technology,2020,40(11):1-5.
41	Zhou, Haobing,Zhou, Fei,Zhang, Qian, et al.Thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion battery based on a liquid cooling method with half-helical duct[J].Applied thermal engineering: Design, processes, equipment, economics,2019,162.
42	WEI T, SOMASUNDARAM K, BIRGERSSON E, et al. Numerical investigation of water cooling for a lithium-ion bipolar battery pack[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015, 94: 259-269.
43	Mao-Sung Wua K H L, Yung-Yun Wangb, Chi-Chao Wanb. Heat dissipation design for lithium-ion batteries [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 109(1): 160-166.
44	Jang J C,Rhi S H. Battery thermal management system of future electric vehicles with loop thermosyphon[C]//US-Korea Conference on Science,Technology,and Entrepreneurship (UKC). 2010.
45	TRAN T H, HARMAND S, SAHUT B. Experimental investigation on heat pipe cooling for hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle lithium-ion battery [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 265(11): 262-272.
46	Swanepoel G. Thermal management of hybrid electrical vehicles using heat pipes[D]. Stellenbosch: Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Stellenbosch,2001.
47	陈萌,李静静.脉动热管用于电动汽车锂电池散热性能试验[J/OL].化工进展:1-11[2021-01-30].
	Chen M, Li JJ. Pulsating heat pipe for electric vehicle lithium battery heat dissipation performance test [J/OL]. Chemical Progress:1-11 [2021-01-30].
48	Khateeb Siddique A,Farid Mohammed M,Selman J Robert,et al. Design and simulation of a lithium-ion battery with a phase change material thermal management system for an electric scooter[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2004,128:292-307
49	Khateeb Siddique A,Amiruddin Shabab,Selman J Robert,et al. Thermal management of Li-ion battery with phase change material for electric scooters:Experimental validation[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2005,142:345-353
50	WANG Z, ZHANG Z, JIA L, et al. Paraffin and paraffin/aluminum foam composite phase change material heat storage experimental study based on thermal management of Li-ion battery[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 78: 428-436.
51	LI W Q, QU Z G, HE Y L, et al. Experimental study of a passive thermal management system for high-powered lithium-ion batteries using porous metal foam saturated with phase change materials[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 255(6): 9-15.
52	MILLS A, AL-HALLAJ S. Simulation of passive thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 141(2): 307-315.
53	GOLI P, LEGEDZA S, DHAR A, et al. Graphene-enhanced hybrid phase change materials for thermal management of Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 248(7): 37-43.
54	BABAPOOR A, AZIZI M, KARIMI G. Thermal management of a Li-ion battery using carbon fiber-PCM composites[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 82(2): 281-290.
55	BIBIN C, VIJAYARAM M, SURIYA V, et al. A review on thermal issues in Li-ion battery and recent advancements in battery thermal management system[J]. Materials today: proceedings, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.317.
56	朱波,杜如海,姚明尧,赵媛媛,张毅.基于相变材料的纯电动汽车电池热管理研究.电源技术,2020,1666-1670.
	Zhu Bo, Du Ruhai, Yao Mingyao, Zhao Yuanyuan, Zhang Yi. Thermal management of pure electric vehicle batteries based on phase change materials. Power Technology,2020,1666-1670.
57	FATHABADI H. High thermal performance lithium-ion battery pack including hybrid active-passive thermal management system for using in hybrid/electric vehicles[J]. Energy, 2014,70:529-538.
58	BAI F F, CHEN MB, SONG W J, et al. Thermal management performances of PCM/water cooling-plate using for lithium-ion battery module based on non-uniform internal heat source[J]. Applied thermal engineering, 2017, 126: 17-27.
59	Zhao J T, LV P Z, RAO Z H. Experimental study on the thermal management performance of phase change material coupled with heat pipe for cylindrical power battery pack[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science: International Journal of Experimental Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics, and Fluid Mechanics,2017,82:182-188.

[1]	曾伟, 熊俊杰, 李建林, 马速良, 武亦文. 基于权重自适应鲸鱼优化算法的多能系统储能电站最优配置[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2241-2249.
[2]	姚祯, 张琦, 王锐, 刘庆华, 王保国, 缪平. 生物质衍生碳材料在全钒液流电池电极方面的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2083-2091.
[3]	时雨, 张忠, 杨晶莹, 钱薇, 李昊, 赵祥, 杨欣桐. 储能电池系统提供AGC调频的机会成本建模与市场策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2366-2373.
[4]	冯国会, 王天雨, 王刚. 封装方式对相变水箱蓄放热性能影响模拟分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2161-2176.
[5]	董树锋, 刘灵冲, 唐坤杰, 赵海祺, 徐成司, 林立亨. 基于Simulink和低代码控制器的储能控制实验教学方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2386-2397.
[6]	韩健民, 薛飞宇, 梁双印, 乔天舒. 模糊控制优化下的混合储能系统辅助燃煤机组调频仿真[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2188-2196.
[7]	鲁志颖, 江杉, 李全龙, 马可心, 傅腾, 郑志刚, 刘志成, 李淼, 梁永胜, 董知非. 全钒液流电池在充电结束搁置阶段的开路电压变化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2046-2050.
[8]	郭雨涵, 郁丹, 杨鹏, 王子绩, 王金涛. 基于贪婪算法的分布式储能系统容量优化配置方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2295-2304.
[9]	袁性忠, 胡斌, 郭凡, 严欢, 贾宏刚, 苏舟. 欧盟储能政策和市场规则及对我国的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2344-2353.
[10]	刘国静, 李冰洁, 胡晓燕, 岳芬, 徐际强. 澳大利亚储能相关政策与电力市场机制及对我国的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2332-2343.
[11]	杨孝杰, 王海云, 蒋中川, 宋章华. 应用于飞轮储能的BLDC电机功率双向流动策略设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2233-2240.
[12]	李洪涛, 张帅, 李旭东, 纪运广, 孙明旭, 李欣. 单罐式储能换热系统在热风无纺布工艺中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2250-2257.
[13]	吴田, 林闽城, 海浩, 孙海渔, 温兆银, 马福元. 面向一次调频的镍氢电池系统开发[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2213-2221.
[14]	徐光福, 姜淼, 王万纯, 魏阳, 侯炜. 大型储能电池短路故障分析与保护策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2222-2232.
[15]	张平, 康利斌, 王明菊, 赵广, 罗振华, 唐堃, 陆雅翔, 胡勇胜. 钠离子电池储能技术及经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1892-1901.