基于交流阻抗谱的铅酸蓄电池健康状态检测

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0427

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阀控式铅酸电池(valve-regulated lead-acid batteries，VRLA)作为后备直流电源广泛用于变电站，其性能直接影响变电站核心装备的安全运行。健康状态(state of health，SOH)是评价电池性能劣化的重要指标，但专门针对VRLA用核容评估其SOH则周期长、成本高。为快速便捷地获取铅酸电池的SOH，本工作提出了一种基于电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy，EIS)的变电站用铅酸电池SOH快速检测装置。该装置通过对电池注入0.1～200 Hz正弦激励电流，运用可调二级放大电路得到不同频率下的响应电压，通过快速傅里叶(fast fournier transform，FFT)计算得到电池EIS，阻抗测量范围更宽，测量时间更快。以不同健康状态的电池交流阻抗谱作为基准，对比分析EIS信号与标准电池交流阻抗谱，运用分段阻抗相关评估法确定目标电池的健康状态，将EIS测量与SOH估算集成于一体。实验表明，所提装置对不同电池的SOH检测结果平均误差为0.69%，最大误差为2.041%，且测试时间小于2 min。

关键词: 铅酸蓄电池, 交流阻抗谱, 健康状态, 快速评估

Abstract:

The valve-regulated lead-ACID Batteries (VRLA), as a reserve DC power supply, is widely used in substations, and its performance directly affects the safe operation of the core equipment of the substation. Therefore, the state-of-health (SOH) is an important indicator for evaluating the deterioration of battery performance. However, the evaluation of the SOH of VRLA by using the verification capacity method results in a long cycle and high cost. To quickly and conveniently obtain the SOH of the lead-acid battery, this study proposes a fast detection device based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) substation for determining the SOH of lead-acid batteries. This device injects 0.1-200 Hz of sinusoidal incentive current through the battery, and the response voltage at different frequencies is obtained using the adjustable secondary amplifier circuit. The battery EIS is obtained by calculating the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The impedance measurement range is wider and the measurement time is faster. By considering the battery AC impedance spectrum of different health states as the benchmark, the analysis of the EIS signal is compared with the standard battery AC impedance spectrum, and segmented impedance-related evaluation methods are used to determine the health status of the target battery. The propose method integrates the EIS measurement with SOH. The experiments show that the average error of the SOH-detection results of different batteries is 0.69%, the maximum error is 2.041%, and the test time is less than 2 min.

Key words: lead-acid batteries, AC impedance spectroscopy, state of health, quick assessment

中图分类号:

TM 912

刘润兴, 盖玉成, 杨品哲, 张巍, 刘芹, 丁泽俊, 莫熙喆. 基于交流阻抗谱的铅酸蓄电池健康状态检测[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3499-3507.

Runxing LIU, Yucheng GAI, Pinzhe YANG, Wei ZHANG, Qin LIU, Zejun DING, Xizhe MO. Health-status detection of lead-acid battery based on AC impedance spectroscopy[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3499-3507.

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电池序号	SOH
1号电池	100.00%
2号电池	92.73%
3号电池	80.91%
4号电池	71.74%

项目	1号电池	2号电池	3号电池	4号电池	5号电池
SOH测量值/%	85.03	80.08	78.46	77.06	98.21
SOH估计值/%	84.59	81.71	78.79	77.34	98.38
误差/%	0.526	2.041	0.417	0.360	0.140

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