储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4): 1687-1697.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1047

• 储能测试与评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同放电倍率下钠离子电池的电性能与产热行为研究

闻有为1(), 滕安琪2, 李勇琦1, 田佳敏2, 丁康杰2, 段强领2(), 王青松2   

  1. 1.南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司储能科研院，广东 广州 511450
    2.中国科学技术大学火灾 科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-08 修回日期:2024-11-14 出版日期:2025-04-28 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 段强领 E-mail:1426969592@qq.com;duanql@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:闻有为（1997—），男，硕士，研究方向为电池储能安全，E-mail：1426969592@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    南方电网公司重点科技项目(020000KK52220001)

Electrical performance and heat production behavior of sodium-ion batteries at different discharge rate

Youwei WEN1(), Anqi TENG2, Yongqi LI1, Jiamin TIAN2, Kangjie DING2, Qiangling DUAN2(), Qingsong WANG2   

  1. 1.China Southern Power Grid Power Generation Co. , Ltd. , Energy Storage Research Institute, Guangzhou 511450, Guangdong, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • Received:2024-11-08 Revised:2024-11-14 Online:2025-04-28 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Qiangling DUAN E-mail:1426969592@qq.com;duanql@ustc.edu.cn

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摘要：

随着钠离子电池商业化应用的步伐不断加快，其在大规模储能领域的应用前景已日益凸显。在钠离子电池进行大倍率充放电的运行过程中，会经历一系列可逆与不可逆的电化学反应，反应释放的热量引起电池温度的升高。此现象不可避免地会导致电池材料的老化、性能的逐渐衰减，并且在极端情况下，可能会触发热失控等安全隐患。本研究聚焦于能量型和功率型两种钠离子电池，针对其在大容量方形电池形态下，于不同放电倍率条件下的电性能表现及产热行为进行了深入探究，并建立了钠离子电池系统液冷仿真模型。具体而言，在高倍率(1.0~1.5 C)放电的条件下，两种电池的容量及能量保持能力均呈现出下降趋势，但功率型电池的性能衰减小于能量型电池。此外，功率型电池在不同放电倍率下的温升及温升速率亦显著低于能量型电池。尤其值得注意的是，在1.5 C倍率下运行时，能量型电池的温度为51.8 ℃，已超出电池安全工作温度范围。本研究成果不仅为钠离子电池在实际应用过程中不同类型电池的选取提供了理论依据，同时也为钠离子电池热管理模型的构建及其应用奠定了数据基础。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 电性能, 热行为, 产热

Abstract:

With the commercial adoption of sodium-ion batteries entering a fast-paced era, attention has shifted to their application in large-scale energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries generate heat during charging and discharging owing to a combination of reversible and irreversible electrochemical reactions, especially at high charge and discharge rates. This heat buildup raises battery temperatures, which can accelerate material aging, degrade performance, and even lead to safety concerns such as thermal runaway. This study investigates the electrochemical and thermal behaviors of two types of sodium-ion batteries, namely energy-type and power-type, during their charging and discharging processes. The capacity and energy retention ability of the two types of batteries decreased under high-rate discharge conditions. However, performance degradation was notably less pronounced in power-type batteries compared to energy-type batteries. Furthermore, power-type batteries exhibited a significantly smaller temperature rise and slower temperature increase across various discharge rates. A key observation was that the energy-type battery's temperature exceeded the safe operating limit when discharged at a 1.5 C rate, reaching 51.8 ℃. The results of this research not only provide a theoretical basis for selecting sodium-ion battery types for specific applications but also contribute valuable data for developing thermal management models.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, electrochemical behavior, thermal behavior, heat generation

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