预锂化对AC//Nb2O5 型锂离子电容器性能的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0683

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电容器作为一种新型储能器件，可以填补高功率器件和高能量器件之间的技术空白。本工作以活性炭(AC)为正极，正交晶相五氧化二铌(T-Nb₂O₅)为负极组装为软包装的锂离子电容器，研究预锂量对该种器件在不同正负极质量比下(P/N比)的影响。结果表明，通过预锂化，可以有效提高该种器件的电化学性能，不论采用何种P/N比，预锂量提高至60%后，开路电位均可提高到1.5 V以上，首次库仑效率可提高至80%以上，在有效提高材料克容量的同时具备更小的内阻，循环伏安曲线具有典型的电容特征，常温搁置33天后电压保持能力仍有75%及以上，在100C大倍率条件下的容量保持率高达95%以上，3000次循环后的容量保持率均高于90%。P/N比越高对该种器件性能更有利，具体表现为首次库仑效率更高，自放电中具有更高的电压保持能力，其中P/N比最大的锂离子电容器(P/N=1.1)预锂60%后，在103.2 W/kg的功率密度下可发挥30.4 Wh/kg的能量密度，在2098.1 W/kg的功率密度下能量密度仍旧有29.4 Wh/kg，具有稳定输出。

关键词: 锂离子电容器, 预锂化, 活性炭, 五氧化二铌

Abstract:

Lithium ion capacitors (LICs), a new type of energy storage devices, can bridge the performance gap between high-power and high-energy storage systems. In this study, pouch-type LICs were fabricated with different positive/negative (P/N) mass ratios were fabricated using activated carbon (AC) as the cathode and orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T-Nb₂O₅) as the anode. The effect of the prelithiation ratio was investigated. Results indicate that prelithiation can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of pouch-type LICs. Regardless of the P/N mass ratio, when the prelithiation ratio was increased to 60%, the open-circuit potential increased to >1.5 V; the initial Coulombic efficiency exceeded 80%; the specific capacity of the active material improved, accompanied by reduced internal resistance; the cyclic voltammetry curves exhibited typical capacitive behavior; the voltage retention remained above 75% after 33 d of storage at room temperature; the capacity retention during C-rate testing exceeded 95% at a current of 100C; and the capacity retention during cycle life testing was >90% after 3000 cycles. A higher P/N mass ratio had a more favorable impact on LIC performance due to enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency and improved voltage retention during the self-discharge process. After 60% prelithiation, the LIC with the highest P/N mass ratio (P/N=1.1) exhibited stable energy output, achieving an energy density of 30.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 103.2 W/kg and retaining 29.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 2098.1 W/kg.

Key words: lithium ion capacitor, prelithiation, activated carbon, orthorhombic niobium pentoxide

中图分类号:

TM 53

范羚羚, 刘中柱, 杨重阳. 预锂化对AC//Nb₂O₅ 型锂离子电容器性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(8): 2913-2924.

Lingling FAN, Zhongzhu LIU, Chongyang YANG. Effect of prelithiation on the performance of AC//Nb₂O₅ lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 2913-2924.

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P/N	预锂量
P/N	0%	20%	60%
1.1	-0.095	1.3451	1.5039
0.9	-0.0564	1.3572	1.538
0.7	-0.0796	1.3178	1.5482
0.5	-0.076	1.3467	1.5035

正极/负极	电解液	能量密度/(Wh/kg)	功率密度/(W/kg)	寿命	参考文献
活性炭/T-Nb₂O₅	LiPF₆/(C₃H₄O₃+ C₅H₁₀O₃)	—	—	92%@1000次	[24]
活性炭/T-Nb₂O₅	LiPF₆/(C₃H₄O₃+ C₃H₆O₃+ C₅H₁₀O₃)	10.3	2430	73%@1000次	[25]
活性炭/Nb₂O₅+CNT	LiClO₄/C₄H₆O₃	17(根据图片推算)	2000(根据图片推算)	60%@500圈(根据图片推算)	[30]
活性炭/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂	LiPF₆//(C₃H₄O₃+ C₃H₆O₃)	22.5	2000	80%@1000次	[31]
活性炭/ Li₄Ti₅O₁₂	LiBF₄/CH₃CN	4.3	1068	88.3%, 900 cycles	[32]
活性炭/硬碳	LiPF₆/(C₃H₄O₃+ C₃H₆O₃+ C₅H₁₀O₃)	18.1	3700	83%@10000次(推算为90%@3000次)	[33]

预锂化对AC//Nb₂O₅ 型锂离子电容器性能的影响

Effect of prelithiation on the performance of AC//Nb₂O₅ lithium-ion capacitors

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