基于电芯阻抗分布特性的锂离子电池组热失控分级预警方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 实现锂离子电池热失控预警至关重要，基于电池阻抗分析的热失控方法能够实现早期热失控预测，成为锂电池热失控研究热点之一。然而，由于电池阻抗随环境温度等参数变化，且大容量电池阻抗值较小在线测试过程中存在测量误差，仅根据单个电芯阻抗分析容易带来热失控误报警。本文提出一种基于电池阻抗分布特性的锂离子电池组热失控预测方法，通过电池组中电芯阻抗的分布趋势来预测热失控。本文提出代表电池阻抗变化趋势的两个特征量，分别代表平均阻抗变化趋势以及阻抗偏离程度，然后将两个特征量作为模糊控制器的输入，根据模糊控制器的输出进行分级预警。论文给出了电芯阻抗在线测量方法、热失控分级预警方法并开展了试验验证。试验电池组由10个30Ah的磷酸铁锂电池电芯组成，采用可编程加热片对其中1只电芯加热以模拟高温高风险电芯。通过设置阈值实现了高温电芯的三级预警，其中电芯温度小于50℃为无预警；50℃~70℃为预警级别1；70℃~100℃为预警级别2；大于100℃为预警级别3，试验结果证明了所提出热失控预测方法的正确性。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控预警, 阻抗在线测量, 阻抗分析, 模糊控制器

Abstract: Thermal runaway warning for lithium-ion batteries is of vital importance. Thermal runaway detection methods based on battery impedance analysis enable early prediction of thermal runaway, making them a hot research topic in lithium-ion battery thermal runaway studies. Since battery impedance varies with factors such as ambient temperature and there may be a significant measurement error in online measurement of battery impedance especially with high-capacity battery cells, thus, impedance analysis of only a single battery can easily lead to false thermal runaway alarms. This paper proposes a thermal runaway prediction method for lithium-ion battery packs based on the impedance distribution characteristics of cells. This method utilizes the trend of impedance variation across individual cells within the pack to forecast thermal runaway. Two characteristic parameters representing the impedance trend are introduced: the average impedance trend and the degree of impedance deviation. These two parameters are then used as inputs to a fuzzy logic controller to achieve a multi-level early warning for thermal runaway. The online measurement method for battery cell impedance,thermal runaway multi-level warning method and experimental verification are given in this paper. The experimental battery pack consists of ten 30Ah LiFePO4 battery cells, and a programmable heating element is used to heat one of the cells to simulate high-temperature high risk cells. By setting the thresholds, a three-level warning for high-temperature battery cells is achieved, when the cell temperatures are below 50 ℃, there is no warning; when the cell temperatures are in the range of 50 ℃~70 ℃, the warning level is set to level 1; when the cell temperatures are in the range of 70 ℃~100 ℃, the warning level is set to level 2; when the cell temperatures are greater than 100 ℃ , the warning level is set to level 3; and the experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the proposed thermal runaway prediction method.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway warning, online impedance measurement, impedance analysis, fuzzy logic controller

中图分类号:

TM911

郭锐, 李明明, 刘玉玺, 凡绍桂, 崔晓敏, 辛永会. 基于电芯阻抗分布特性的锂离子电池组热失控分级预警方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881.

GUO Rui, LI Mingming, LIU Yuxi, FAN Shaogui, CUI Xiaomin, XIN Yonghui. Thermal Runaway Multi Level Warning Method of Lithium-ion Battery Pack Based on Impedance Distribution Characteristics[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881.

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