高温烟气加热固体颗粒储热技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0943

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国工业余热资源丰富，但余热利用率较低。热能储存(thermal energy storage, TES)技术通过解耦热源与热利用/转换过程，成为提升余热回收效率的关键手段，而固体颗粒储热凭借高温适应性广、循环稳定性强、成本低等优势，在TES系统中应用广泛，尤其在高温烟气加热场景下更具竞争力。本文基于近期国内外相关文献调研，聚焦以高温烟气为热源、固体颗粒为储热介质的储热技术。首先，阐述了工业余热的来源和利用方式，分析了高温烟气加热固体颗粒储热技术原理，并给出系统评价指标。其次，结合高温烟气加热固体颗粒储热技术研究进展，包括储热材料的筛选与性能表征和填充床、移动床、流化床等储热装置设计以及各自的优缺点、适用场景，并总结了国内外相关的应用实践。然后，深入剖析了该技术在换热效率提升、颗粒磨损与积灰、系统优化控制等应用方面面临的挑战。最后，展望了在新型储热材料研发、换热结构优化、智能控制技术融合等方面的未来发展方向，旨在为工业余热利用技术的应用推动和能源系统的低碳转型提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 高温烟气, 固体颗粒储热, 显热储热, 余热回收

Abstract:

China possesses abundant industrial waste heat resources, yet utilization rates remain relatively low. Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies, by decoupling heat sources from utilization/conversion processes, have become a key method for enhancing waste heat recovery efficiency. Solid particle thermal energy storage, with its advantage of high-temperature adaptability, strong cycle stability, is widely used in TES systems and demonstrates particular competitiveness in high-temperature flue gas heating applications. Based on a review of recent domestic and international literature, this study focuses on thermal storage technologies utilizing high-temperature flue gas as the heat source and solid particles as the storage medium. First, it discusses the sources and utilization methods of industrial waste heat, analyzes the principles of solid particle thermal storage heated by high-temperature flue gas, and proposes system evaluation metrics. Second, it reviews research progress in solid particle thermal storage heated by high-temperature flue gas, covering material selection and performance characterization, as well as design approaches for storage devices (including packed beds, moving beds, and fluidized beds) with their respective advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios. Relevant domestic and international application practices are summarized. Third, it thoroughly analyzes challenges in practical implementation, such as enhancing heat transfer efficiency, reducing particle wear and ash accumulation, and optimizing system control. Finally, it highlights potential future research directions in novel heat storage material research and development, heat transfer structure optimization, and the integration of intelligent control technologies. This review aims to provide theoretical foundations and technical support for advancing industrial waste heat utilization technologies and facilitating the low-carbon transformation of energy systems.

Key words: high-temperature flue gas, solid particle thermal energy storage, sensible heat storage, waste heat recovery

中图分类号:

高明娟, 宋国良, 宋维健, 刘敬樟. 高温烟气加热固体颗粒储热技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0943.

Mingjuan GAO, Guoliang SONG, Weijian SONG, Jingzhang LIU. Research progress on high-temperature flue gas heating solid particle thermal energy storage technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0943.

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工业行业	工艺	温度/℃
基础金属制造业	钢铁制造	1450-1550
	电弧炉炼钢	1370-1650
	镍精炼炉	1370-1650
	铝反射炉	1100-1200
	铜精炼炉	760-820
非金属制造业	水泥烧结	1450
	玻璃熔炉	1300-1540
	窑中石灰石煅烧	900
	氧化镁煅烧	600-800
	水泥窑	450-620
	熟料冷却机废气	177-232
	窑系统排气/预热器	382-816
	炉黑工艺	1200-1900
	氨催化剂反应	510
	油漆和清漆解聚	288-343
	塑料和橡胶	90-200

材料	温度(℃)	密度(kg/m³)	比热容(kJ/(kg·K))	热导率(W/(m·K))	体积热容(kJ/(m³·K))
混凝土	350	2250	1.01	1.23	2272.5
花岗岩	20	2750	0.89	2.9	2447.5
玄武岩	20	2768	0.85	2.1	2352.8
石灰岩	20	2600	0.81	2.2	2106
硅基耐火材料	20	2340	0.86	1.75	2012.4
沙子(SiO₂)	20	1454	0.76	0.25	1105.04
沙子(SiO₂)	600	1454	1.2	0.48	1744.8
矿渣	20	2700	0.84	0.57	2268
可浇注陶瓷	20	3500	0.86	1.4	3010
氧化铝	20	3984	0.76	33.4	3027.84
岩盐(Halite)	20	2170	0.88	6.1	1909.6
氯化钠	20	2165	0.86	6.5	1861.9
碳化硅(SiC)	20	3220	1.15	83	3703

材料	密度 (kg/m³)	比热容 (kJ/(kg·K))	热导率 (W/(m·K))	体积热容 (kJ/(m³·K))	最高使用温度(℃)	成本 (美元/吨)	主要优缺点
玄武岩	2768	0.85	2.1	2352.8	700	126	成本较低、中低温下稳定、热导率较低
硅砂(SiO₂)	1454	1.2	0.48	1744.8	1200	30-40	温域宽、成本低、热导率低
钢渣	3430	0.877	1.46	3008	≥700	负成本	成本极低、固废利用、热导率较低，成分波动
氧化铝	3984	0.76	33.4	3027.84	1100-1200	1596.8	热导率较高、高温稳定、成本高
碳化硅(SiC)	3220	1.15	83	3703	1400	极高	热导率和体积热容高、成本极高
玻璃化石棉废物 Cofalit®	3120	0.9-0.964	1.49-1.55	2800-3000	1200	12	成本极低、动态热响应好、长期稳定性待研究
回收陶瓷 (ReThinkSeramic-Flora)	2350-2400	1.1	2.2	2585-2640	1200	较低	成本较低、环境可持续、高温耐受能力强、热导率较低

类型	优点	缺点	适用场景
填充床换热器	结构简单、成本低、技术成熟，颗粒磨损小	体积庞大、换热性能差、难以平衡传热和压降、热响应速度慢	宽温域储热、低成本需求
移动床直接接触换热器	重力驱动、结构简单、成本低、传热系数高	存在颗粒夹带问题、局部颗粒换热不均匀、难以工业放大	中高温、含尘、易腐蚀烟气
移动床管壳式换热器	重力驱动、传热系数高、不存在工质污染风险、结构紧凑	管道顶部颗粒的停滞区和底部的空隙区影响换热，成本较高	高温储热、无污染要求场景
移动床板壳式换热器	重力驱动、传热系数高、结构紧凑且设计灵活	压降增加、易堵塞、制造与维护复杂性增加	对工作温度、系统可靠性和换热效率有极高要求
流化床换热器	技术成熟、传热系数高、颗粒储热提升一体化	不可逆损失大、流化风能量损失、颗粒夹带与磨损	中高温储热、高传热、高气速、高固含率系统
回转窑换热器	结构紧凑、处理量大、运行稳定性较高	局部换热不均、能耗与维护成本较高、传热性能受限	高温、长停留时间、良好物料混合和高效热交换的固体处理过程