储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (10): 3076-3089.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0028

• 储能材料与器件 • 上一篇    下一篇

废锂离子电池石墨负极材料利用处理技术研究进展

龙立芬1(), 张西华1(), 姚沛帆1, 李明杰2, 王景伟1   

  1. 1.上海第二工业大学资源与环境工程学院，上海电子废弃物资源化协同创新中心，上海 100190
    2.中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所，山东 青岛 266101
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-14 修回日期:2022-01-25 出版日期:2022-10-05 发布日期:2022-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 张西华 E-mail:longlifen@njust.edu.cn;zhangxh@sspu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:龙立芬（1994—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为废锂离子电池负极材料循环利用，E-mail：longlifen@njust.edu.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    上海市逆向物流与供应链协同创新中心（培育）开放基金项目(A30DB212103-06)

Research advances on the utilization and disposal of graphite anode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries

Lifen LONG1(), Xihua ZHANG1(), Peifan YAO1, Mingjie LI2, Jingwei WANG1   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai 201209, China
    2.Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-01-14 Revised:2022-01-25 Online:2022-10-05 Published:2022-10-10
  • Contact: Xihua ZHANG E-mail:longlifen@njust.edu.cn;zhangxh@sspu.edu.cn

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摘要：

电动汽车产业的快速发展对中国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标意义重大。动力电池作为电动汽车的动力来源与核心部件，其报废后的高效清洁利用处置是推动电动汽车行业可持续发展的关键。负极材料是决定动力电池电化学性能的关键因素之一，石墨因具有导电率高、可逆容量高和循环性能稳定等优点，成为当前主流商业化负极材料。相较于锂、镍和钴等高价值关键金属，石墨负极材料的回收尚未引起足够的重视，其产业化高效清洁利用技术尤为缺乏。本文在系统分析全球及我国石墨资源储量、产量和主要应用领域的基础上，综述了废锂离子电池石墨负极利用处置技术最新研究进展，着重剖析了物理和化学回收法的技术现状，并总结了再生石墨及其产品的二次利用途径。基于此，建议强化石墨负极材料高效清洁利用及无害化处置产业化技术研发，进一步拓展再生石墨及其产品的利用途径。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 负极石墨, 再生, 回收, 处理技术

Abstract:

The tremendous development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry is of great significance for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. As the power source and core component of the EVs, the power batteries will inevitably enter the end-of-life stage, and the efficient and cleaner recycling and disposal of spent power batteries is vital for the sustainable development of the industry. The anode materials are one of the most important factors determining the performance of the power batteries. Currently, graphite has become the mainstream commercial anode material due to its properties such as higher conductivity, higher reversible capacity, and stable cycling performance compared with the high-value critical metals such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt. There are very few industrial recycling solutions that are effective and clean for anode graphite materials. The main application fields of graphite resources globally and specifically in China are based on the systematic analysis of reserved outputs, and the advances in the recent development of technologies for the recycling and disposal of anode graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries. The application fields for the recovered graphite and the corresponding products are summarized, whereas emphasis is laid on the physical and chemical recycling technologies for anode graphite. Finally, it is proposed that the research and development of effective and cleaner industrial recycling and disposal systems for anode graphite should be strengthened. Also the utilization approaches for the recovered graphite, and the corresponding products should be expanded.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, anode graphite, regeneration, recovery, processing technology

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