绝热-近等温压缩空气耦合储能过程热压匹配规律

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0374

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用液体活塞机构强化储能过程压缩空气与环境的热量传递，可以有效降低压缩热耗散，提升储能过程电能向空气压力势能的转换效率。考虑到绝热压缩与近等温压缩空气储能的优势，本工作将近等温压缩与绝热压缩方式进行合理融合提出了复合压缩空气储能，通过建立不同压缩空气方式的热力计算模型，深入分析了绝热压缩与近等温压缩耦合作用下的高效储能特征，澄清了近等温压缩对储能系统高效运行的驱动机制。研究结果表明：复合压缩空气储能过程的?效率高于传统绝热压缩空气储能；同时，近等温压缩空气对复合压缩空气储能性能的影响较为显著，即变压排气液体活塞近等温压缩空气储能的?效率比恒压排气高3%，且变排气压工况下能够更好适应储气室内压力的变化，弱化储气室充气过程的温度效应；近等温压缩空气过程增加喷淋能够使?效率提升3.3%，且不同时段喷淋对液体活塞近等温压缩空气效能的影响具有较大差异。

关键词: 液体活塞, 复合压缩, 空气储能, 喷淋, 恒压与变压排气

Abstract:

The use of a liquid piston mechanism to strengthen the heat transfer between compressed air and the environment during energy storage can effectively reduce the heat dissipation during compression and enhance the conversion efficiency of electrical energy to air-pressure potential energy during energy storage. Considering the advantages of adiabatic compression and near-isothermal compressed-air energy storage, a reasonable integration of near-isothermal compression and adiabatic compression methods is presented and a composite compressed-air energy storage system is proposed. By establishing thermal calculation models of different compressed-air methods, the high-efficiency energy-storage characteristics under the coupling effect of adiabatic and near-isothermal compressions are analyzed in depth, and the driving mechanism of the near-isothermal compression on the high-efficiency operation of the energy-storage system is clarified. The research results show that the efficiency of the complex, compressed-air energy-storage process is higher than that of the conventional adiabatic, compressed-air energy storage. In addition, the effect of the near-isothermal compressed air on the performance of the complex compressed-air energy storage is more significant, i.e., the efficiency of the variable pressure-exhaust liquid piston near the isothermal compressed-air energy storage is 3% higher than that of the constant pressure exhaust. In addition, the variable exhaust-pressure condition can better adapt to the pressure change inside the storage chamber, weakening the filling process of the storage chamber. Near-isothermal compressed-air processes can increase the efficiency of the exergy by 3.3% with the addition of a shower, and spraying is observed to show variable effects on the near-isothermal, compressed-air efficiency of the liquid piston at different times.

Key words: liquid piston, compound-compression, air energy storage, spray, constant-pressure exhaust, variable-pressure exhaust

中图分类号:

TK 02

潘文, 令兰宁, 李瑞雄, 王海洋, 陶瑞, 金鹏, 王焕然. 绝热-近等温压缩空气耦合储能过程热压匹配规律[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3425-3434.

Wen PAN, Lanning LING, Ruixiong LI, Haiyang WANG, Rui TAO, Peng JIN, Huanran WANG. Thermal-pressure matching law of adiabatic， near-isothermal compressed-air coupled energy-storage process[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3425-3434.

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参数	取值
储能时间/h	8
压缩机绝热效率	0.84
水泵效率	0.85
压缩机压比	2.564
水泵流量/(m³/h)	21.606
水气罐进气压力/MPa	1.5
水气罐最大排气压力/MPa	8.15
双罐压缩装置循环压缩次数	4
储气罐最高压力/MPa	8
储气罐最低压力/MPa	5
每级中冷器压损/MPa	0.02
中冷器出口空气温度/K	293.15
环境温度/K	293.15
环境压力/MPa	0.101
冷却水温度/K	288.15
喷嘴直径/mm	0.5
喷嘴升压/MPa	1
喷嘴数量	50
流量系数	0.8

参数	三级绝热+一级等温混合压缩	四级绝热压缩
压缩机输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	324.82	531.51
水泵输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	183.17	—
储气室空气焓㶲/(kJ/kg)	347.52	347.52
中冷器㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	59.31	103.82
压缩机㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	38.86	60.12
水泵㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	27.48	—
储气室入口节流阀㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	19.04	19.04
水气罐㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	14.80	—
㶲效率/%	68.41	65.38

参数	恒压排气	变压排气
压缩机输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	324.82	324.82
水泵输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	183.17	161.30
喷嘴输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	0.00	0.00
储气室空气焓㶲/(kJ/kg)	347.52	347.52
中冷器㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	59.31	59.31
压缩机㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	38.86	38.86
水泵㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	27.48	24.19
储气室入口节流阀㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	19.04	3.75
水气罐㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	14.80	11.55
储气室㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	1.04	0.99
㶲效率/%	68.41	71.49
储能密度/(kg/m³)	23.44	23.51

参数	数值
输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	484.16
压缩机输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	324.82
水泵输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	156.67
喷嘴输入㶲/(kJ/kg)	2.63
输出㶲/(kJ/kg)	484.18
储气室空气焓㶲/(kJ/kg)	347.52
中冷器㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	59.31
压缩机㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	38.86
水泵㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	23.50
储气室入口节流阀㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	3.76
水气罐㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	10.28
储气室㶲损失/(kJ/kg)	0.95
㶲效率/%	71.78
储能密度/(kg/m³)	23.51

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