锂离子电池快速充电研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0287

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

具有高能量密度的可充电锂离子电池作为电动汽车的动力之源备受关注，然而，在高倍率充电时引发的镀锂、机械效应和放热等一系列问题会导致电池容量和功率的衰减。为了解决上述问题，需要合理地设计有利于锂离子快速传输的电极材料和电解质。本文综述了锂离子电池快充技术的发展现状，首先介绍了快充锂离子电池的理化基础，为实现优异的锂离子电池快充性能提供了理论指导；其次介绍了在高充电倍率下锂离子电池的性能衰减机制；最后着重从电极材料和电解质角度总结了实现高能量密度锂离子电池快充性能的研究策略。基于对最新进展的系统理解和分析，本综述可为设计具有优异倍率性能的快充锂离子电池提供指导。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 快速充电, 电极材料, 电解质, 锂离子传输

Abstract:

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density have attracted considerable research attention as a power source for electric vehicles. However, charging at high rates causes the attenuation of battery capacity and power over time owing to lithium plating, mechanical degradation, and thermal effects. Reasonable design of electrode materials and electrolytes that facilitate the rapid transport of lithium ions is crucial for solving these issues. This paper reviews the current state of development related to the fast-charging technology with respect to LIBs. First, the physical and chemical basis of fast-charging LIBs is presented, which provides theoretical guidelines for achieving excellent fast-charging performance in LIBs. Second, the performance degradation mechanism of LIBs charged at high rates is introduced. Finally, the research strategies for achieving good fast-charging performance in high-energy-density LIBs are summarized from the perspectives of electrode materials and electrolytes. This paper provides guidance for designing fast-charging LIBs with excellent rate performance based on the systematic understanding and analysis of the latest advances.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, fast-charging, electrode materials, electrolytes, lithium-ion transport

中图分类号:

TQ 131

杲齐新, 赵景腾, 李国兴. 锂离子电池快速充电研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(7): 2166-2184.

Qixin GAO, Jingteng ZHAO, Guoxing LI. Research progress on fast-charging lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2166-2184.

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