基于气压信号突变探测的液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组热失控预警研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0315

储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (7): 2246-2255.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0315

• 储能锂离子电池系统关键技术专刊 • 上一篇下一篇

基于气压信号突变探测的液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组热失控预警研究

马敬轩¹(), 宋宇航¹, 石爽¹, 吕娜伟¹, 尹康涌², 王桂荣³, 杜开源³, 金阳¹()

^1.郑州大学电气与信息工程学院，河南郑州 450001
^2.国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，江苏南京 211103
^3.中广核新能源河南分公司，河南郑州 450000

收稿日期:2023-05-05 修回日期:2023-06-08 出版日期:2023-07-05 发布日期:2023-07-25
通讯作者: 金阳 E-mail:majingxuan6585@163.com;yangjin@zzu.edu.cn
作者简介:马敬轩（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为储能安全技术，E-mail：majingxuan6585@163.com；

Early warning of the thermal runaway of liquid-cooled LiFePO₄ battery module based on the sudden change of air-pressure signal detection

Jingxuan MA¹(), Yuhang SONG¹, Shuang SHI¹, Nawei LYU¹, Kangyong YIN², Guirong WANG³, Kaiyuan DU³, Yang JIN¹()

^1.School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
^2.Electric Power Scientific Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co, Nanjing 211103, Jiangsu, China
^3.CGN New Energy Henan Branch, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China

Received:2023-05-05 Revised:2023-06-08 Online:2023-07-05 Published:2023-07-25
Contact: Yang JIN E-mail:majingxuan6585@163.com;yangjin@zzu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，储能技术正在快速发展，但热安全问题一直是限制其大规模推广的要素之一。液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组因其优异的电化学性能和热管理功能得到了广泛应用，但仍无法杜绝滥用导致的热失控失火，需要早期预警技术的介入以保障储能系统正常运行。本工作利用嵌入式气压传感器与磷酸铁锂电池液冷模组热管理系统的配合，实时探测电池安全阀开启时引起的气压突变，实现液冷模组热失控早期预警。搭建液冷模组热失控实验平台与Fluent流体仿真平台研究液冷模组单体电池过充热失控现象，验证气压预警成效并分析过充过程中随着电池内部劣化程度的发展模组内气压信号的波动情况及分布特征。结果表明，在空间体积为0.18 m3的液冷模组中采用1 C倍率对13 Ah磷酸铁锂单体电池过充时，电池安全阀开启瞬间发生超200 Pa的气压突变，平均约304 s后达到热失控最高温；为进一步优化气压传感器选型及布置，研究了液冷模组前面板上各位置气压信号具体变化情况，得到气压传感器采集频率等参数的合适选择范围和最佳安装位置。本项目研究成果为气压传感器在液冷模组中的应用及安全防护提供了理论和数据支撑。

关键词: 液冷模组, 磷酸铁锂电池, 热失控预警, 气压探测

Abstract:

In recent years, energy storage technology has been developing rapidly; thermal safety issues have been one of the elements limiting its large-scale promotion. Liquid-cooled LiFePO₄ modules have been widely used owing to their excellent electrochemical performance and thermal management features. However, they still cannot eliminate thermal runaway misfires caused by abuse and need the support of early warning technology to guarantee the normal operation of energy storage systems. In this study, we use an embedded air-pressure sensor and the thermal management system of a liquid-cooled module of LiFePO₄ battery to detect the sudden change of air pressure caused by the opening of the battery safety valve in real time and realize the early warning of the thermal runaway of a liquid-cooled module. The experimental platform for the liquid-cooled module thermal runaway and Fluent fluid simulation platform is built to study the thermal runaway phenomenon of single-cell overcharge in a liquid-cooled module, verify the effectiveness of early warning, and analyze the fluctuation and distribution characteristics of air-pressure signal in the module with the development of the internal degradation of the battery during the overcharge process. The results show that when the liquid-cooled module with a volume of 0.18 m3 is overcharged with a 1 C multiplier on a 13 Ah LiFePO₄ single-cell battery, a sudden change of 200 Pa occurs when the battery safety valve opens, the battery temperature reaches the highest after an average of ～304 s, and a complete thermal runaway occurs. To further optimize the selection and arrangement of the barometric pressure sensor, the barometric pressure signal at each position on the front panel of the liquid-cooled module is studied. To further optimize the selection and arrangement of the air-pressure sensor, the specific changes of the air-pressure signal at each position on the front panel of the liquid-cooled module are studied, and the suitable selection range and the best installation position of the acquisition frequency of the air-pressure sensor and other parameters were obtained. The results provide theoretical and data support for the application and safety protection of air-pressure sensors in liquid-cooled modules.

Key words: liquid-cooled module, LiFePO₄ battery, thermal runaway warning, air pressure detection

中图分类号:

TM 911.3

马敬轩, 宋宇航, 石爽, 吕娜伟, 尹康涌, 王桂荣, 杜开源, 金阳. 基于气压信号突变探测的液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组热失控预警研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(7): 2246-2255.

Jingxuan MA, Yuhang SONG, Shuang SHI, Nawei LYU, Kangyong YIN, Guirong WANG, Kaiyuan DU, Yang JIN. Early warning of the thermal runaway of liquid-cooled LiFePO₄ battery module based on the sudden change of air-pressure signal detection[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2246-2255.

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气压传感器	反应时延/s	上升峰值/Pa	上升时间/s	恢复时间/s
#1	1.75	272.5	0.50	2
#2	0.25	289.1	0.50	2
#3	1.75	263.9	0.50	2
#4	1.75	265.8	0.50	2

气压传感器	反应时延/s	上升峰值/Pa	上升时间/s	恢复时间/s
#1	0.75	560.8	0.75	3.75
#2	0.25	581.0	0.75	3.75
#3	1.00	548.1	1.00	3.5
#4	0.50	557.7	1.00	3.75

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基于气压信号突变探测的液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组热失控预警研究

Early warning of the thermal runaway of liquid-cooled LiFePO₄ battery module based on the sudden change of air-pressure signal detection

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基于气压信号突变探测的液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组热失控预警研究

Early warning of the thermal runaway of liquid-cooled LiFePO4 battery module based on the sudden change of air-pressure signal detection

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Early warning of the thermal runaway of liquid-cooled LiFePO₄ battery module based on the sudden change of air-pressure signal detection