飞轮储能装置电机温度场仿真技术研究及试验验证

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电机是飞轮储能系统实现电能-动能转换的关键部件，其体积小、功率大的设计特点以及中真空运行环境导致温升问题突出。水道的结构设计是增强散热的重要途径。本文从流动特性和冷却效率两个方面入手，对比螺旋水道、周向水道和轴向水道的进出口压力差、换热面积、换热系数等因素对散热的影响，综合考虑各因素最终确定电机的水道形式为周向水道。电机及其零部件的散热问题关系到飞轮储能系统能否安全运行，是飞轮储能技术发展中亟待解决的关键科学技术问题。准确计算温升是解决该难题的关键所在，对飞轮储能系统热管理的研究具有重要意义。本文对40 kW的飞轮储能系统进行了有限元热仿真，重点研究了模型简化、复杂结构等效处理、损耗分布等方面的内容，考虑传热过程中的热传导、热对流和热辐射，流体场、温度场多物理场耦合，设置初始水流量为25 L/min、温度为18 ℃，对电机进行温度场仿真计算。最后将计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析，误差在±3%范围内，验证了仿真计算的准确性和可靠性。该计算方法可为以后飞轮储能用电机设计作可靠参考。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 温度场, 电机, 辐射传热

Abstract:

The motor is the fundamental component of the flywheel energy storage system that realizes electric-kinetic energy conversion. Its design characteristics of small size, large power, and medium vacuum operation environment lead to prominent temperature increases. The structural design of the water channel is crucial for enhancing heat dissipation. Starting from two aspects of flow characteristics and cooling efficiency, this paper compares the influence of the spiral channel, circumferential channel, and axial channel inlet and outlet pressure differences, heat transfer area, heat transfer coefficient, and other factors on heat dissipation. It considers all factors to determine the channel form of the motor as a circumferential channel. The heat dissipation of the motor and its components is crucial for the safe operation of the flywheel energy storage system. This is a critical scientific and technical problem that needs to be addressed in the development of the flywheel energy storage technology. Accurately calculating the rise in temperature is crucial to solving this problem, which is of great significance to the research on the thermal management of flywheel energy storage systems. In this paper, the finite element thermal simulation of a 40 kW flywheel energy storage system is performed, focusing on model simplification, key component equivalence, loss distribution, and other aspects. The temperature field simulation calculation of the motor is performed considering the heat conduction, convection, and radiation in the heat transfer process, the multi-physical coupling of the fluid and temperature fields, the initial water flow rate of 25 L/min, and the temperature of 18 ℃. Finally, the calculation results are compared with the test results, and the error is within 3%, verifying the accuracy and reliability of the simulation calculation. The calculation method is a reliable reference for designing flywheel energy storage motors in the future.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, temperature field, electric machine, thermal radiation

中图分类号:

TK 02

周茜茜, 黄勇, 崔可, 孙大南. 飞轮储能装置电机温度场仿真技术研究及试验验证[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2589-2596.

Qianqian ZHOU, Yong HUANG, Ke CUI, Danan SUN. Research and test verification on simulation technology of motor temperature field of flywheel energy storage device[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2589-2596.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

图8

图9

表2

表3

图10

图11

图12

表4

参考文献 18

1	杨世铭, 陶文铨. 传热学[M]. 4版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.YANG S M, TAO W Q. Heat transfer[M]. 4th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006.
2	焦渊远, 王艺斐, 戴兴建, 等. 飞轮储能系统电机转子散热研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0261.
	JIAO Y Y, WANG Y F, DAI X J, et al. Overview of the motor-generator rotor cooling system in a flywheel energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0261.
3	陈磊, 王亮, 林曦鹏, 等. 飞轮储能热管理研究现状分析[J]. 中外能源, 2019, 24(2): 84-91.
	CHEN L, WANG L, LIN X P, et al. Analysis on research status of thermal management of flywheel energy storage system[J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2019, 24(2): 84-91.
4	张德金, 熊万里, 吕浪, 等. 高速大功率永磁同步电机转子涡流损耗分析[J]. 计算机仿真, 2017, 34(1): 236-240, 279. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2017.01.048.
	ZHANG D J, XIONG W L, LV L, et al. An analysis of rotor eddy current losses in high-speed and high-power PMSM[J]. Computer Simulation, 2017, 34(1): 236-240, 279. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2017.01.048.
5	于明湖, 张玉秋, 乔正忠, 等. 永磁同步电机损耗分离方法研究[J]. 微特电机, 2015, 43(8): 14-18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7018. 2015.08.004.
	YU M H, ZHANG Y Q, QIAO Z Z, et al. Research on loss separation method of permanent magnet snchronous motor[J]. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 2015, 43(8): 14-18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7018.2015.08.004.
6	陈夺, 冯明. 电磁结构对高速永磁电机转子涡流损耗的影响[J]. 微电机, 2015, 48(2): 11-15.
	CHEN Duo, FENG Ming. Influence of electromagnetic structure on eddy current loss of rotor of high speed permanent magnet motor[J]. Micromotor, 2015, 48(2): 11-15.
7	汤勇, 孙亚隆, 郭志军, 等. 电机散热系统的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(10): 1135-1150. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.10.001.
	TANG Y, SUN Y L, GUO Z J, et al. Development status and perspective trend of motor cooling systems[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(10): 1135-1150. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.10.001.
8	SUZUKI Y, KOYANAGI A, KOBAYASHI M, et al. Novel applications of the flywheel energy storage system[J]. Energy, 2005, 30(11/12): 2128-2143. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.08.018.
9	AJISMAN, YAMAGATA K, KOBUCHI J, et al. Study of cooling gases for windage loss reduction[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, 2000, 120(3): 478-483. DOI: 10.1541/ieejpes1990. 120.3_478.
10	YUKI A,MASARU N,HITOSHI H,et al. Non-contact unit cooling device by radiation of flywheel for power storage: JP2010037110[P]. 2011-08-09.
11	陈起旭, 周阳, 杨来顺, 等. 大功率盘式交流永磁同步电机温度场流场耦合分析[J]. 电机与控制应用, 2017, 44(4): 20-27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2017.04.004.
	CHEN Q X, ZHOU Y, YANG L S, et al. Coupling analysis of high power disc-type AC permanent magnet synchronous motor on temperature field and flow field[J]. Electric Machines & Control Application, 2017, 44(4): 20-27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2017.04.004.
12	王淑旺, 高月仙, 谭立真. 永磁同步电机温度场分析与水道结构优化[J]. 电机与控制应用, 2016, 43(7): 51-56. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2016.07.010.
	WANG S W, GAO Y X, TAN L Z. Analysis of temperature field of permanent magnet synchronous motor and water jacket structure optimization[J]. Electric Machines & Control Application, 2016, 43(7): 51-56. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2016.07.010.
13	吴柏禧, 万珍平, 张昆, 等. 考虑温度场和流场的永磁同步电机折返型冷却水道设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(11): 2306-2314. DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.171483.
	WU B X, WAN Z P, ZHANG K, et al. Design of reentrant cooling channel in permanent magnet synchronous motor considering temperature field and flow field[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(11): 2306-2314. DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.171483.
14	丁杰, 张平. 永磁同步电机的冷却结构优化设计及温度场仿真[J]. 微特电机, 2016, 44(6): 31-34. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7018. 2016.06.008.
	DING J, ZHANG P. Optimization design of cooling structure and temperature simulation for permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 2016, 44(6): 31-34. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7018.2016.06.008.
15	佟文明, 程雪斌. 高速水冷永磁电机冷却系统分析[J]. 电机与控制应用, 2016, 43(3): 16-21, 48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540. 2016.03.003.
	TONG W M, CHENG X B. Cooling system analysis of high-speed water cooling permanent magnet motor[J]. Electric Machines & Control Application, 2016, 43(3): 16-21, 48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2016.03.003.
16	LEE K H, CHA H R, KIM Y B. Development of an interior permanent magnet motor through rotor cooling for electric vehicles[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 95: 348-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.022.
17	杨学威, 张小发. 电机壳体Z字型冷却水道设计[J]. 电机与控制应用, 2016, 43(9): 62-65. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2016.09.011.
	YANG X W, ZHANG X F. Z-shaped cooling channels of motor shell designs[J]. Electric Machines & Control Application, 2016, 43(9): 62-65. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6540.2016.09.011.
18	武岳, 张志锋, 平佳齐. 高功率密度轴向磁通永磁电机新型水冷结构设计与温度场分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(24): 8295-8305. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.211291.
	WU Y, ZHANG Z F, PING J Q. New type water cooling structure design and temperature field analysis of high power density axial flux permanent magnet motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(24): 8295-8305. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee. 211291.

项目	面积/m²	平均换热系数/[W/(m²·K)]	温差K(损耗为2 kW)
螺旋水道	0.365302	2.9105	1.1708
周向水道	0.373318	2.945	1.0995
轴向水道	0.366736	3.205	1.0674

参数	数值/W
定子铁耗	860
绕组铜耗	630
磁钢涡流损耗	2
杂散损耗	700
磁轴承损耗	380

电机	材料	热导率λ/(W/K)	比热容C /(J/kg·K)	密度ρ /(kg/m³)
绕组	铜	387.6	381	8978
定子铁芯	35W300	44.2，44.2，1.192	502	7650
磁钢	SmC030H	10	370	8400
压圈	Q355NB	44.8	465	7850
底座	Q235A	44.8	465	7850
绝缘物	等效绝缘体	0.1	1450	1500
冷却介质	水	0.6	4200	1000

参数	仿真结果	试验结果	误差
绕组热点温度/℃	77.41	78	-0.7%
绕组平均温度/℃	76.9	76	1.2%
护套热点温度/℃	207	202	2.5%
飞轮热点温度/℃	175	177	-1.1%

[1]	李玉光, 刘翔, 梁艳召, 刘双振. 飞轮储能装置在轨道交通中的应用研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2679-2686.
[2]	金都, 刘广忱, 孙博文, 黄天园, 张建伟, 田桂珍, 荆丽丽. 计及风电场的飞轮储能一次调频控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1911-1920.
[3]	马海凤, 李文博, 蔡宗慧, 刘琳, 于彤. 飞轮储能系统的计算机处理技术研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1983-1985.
[4]	胡东旭, 朱少飞, 魏晓钢, 崔亚东, 祝保红, 戴兴建, 李文, 陈海生. MW级大储能量飞轮轴系结构力学及动力学研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1542-1550.
[5]	肖威, 吴晓文, 孙静玲, 陈炜. 储能锂电池模组温度场数值计算与散热系统优化设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1159-1166.
[6]	李红, 吕江毅, 宋建桐, 闫栋. 车用机电复合储能系统的能量特性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 906-913.
[7]	左兴龙, 柳亦兵, 秦润, 曲文浩, 滕伟. 飞轮储能虚拟同步机动态特性及对电力系统频率的改善分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(6): 1920-1927.
[8]	李斌, 叶季蕾, 张宇, 时珊珊, 王皓靖, 刘丽丽, 李明哲. 含分布式新能源和机电混合储能接入的微网协调控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1510-1515.
[9]	刘海山, 徐宪龙, 魏书洲, 逄亚蕾, 洪烽. 基于提升华北电网考核指标的飞轮储能参与调频划分电量控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(4): 1176-1184.
[10]	武鑫, 尚文举, 马志勇, 滕伟, 张爽, 罗海荣. 抽水蓄能-飞轮混合储能系统协调控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(2): 468-476.
[11]	张鑫, 邢作霞, 付启桐, 张超, 姜立兵. 采用感应加热的固体电热储能装置多物理场[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(12): 3761-3769.
[12]	焦渊远, 王艺斐, 戴兴建, 张华良, 陈海生. 飞轮储能系统电机转子散热研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144.
[13]	陈俊涛, 王亚军, 宋顺一, 曲文浩, 柳亦兵. 飞轮储能辅助风电一次调频仿真分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 172-179.
[14]	杨水丽, 林伟芳, 崔艳妍, 王二军. 基于功率和容量补偿的火/储AGC调频可行性分析与启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 299-311.
[15]	杨孝杰, 王海云, 蒋中川, 宋章华. 应用于飞轮储能的BLDC电机功率双向流动策略设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2233-2240.