补钠技术在钠离子电池中的应用进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池是继锂离子电池之后有望大规模推广的新型储能电池，然而，较低的库仑效率限制了其发展，而预钠化被认为是一种可以有效提升钠电池低首效短板的技术，对钠离子电池商业化推广生产具有重要意义。本文详细总结了国内外预钠化技术的研究进展，从三个角度(包括正极，电解液和负极)的设计和改性来讲述预钠化技术。其中正极处补钠主要包括直接浸渍法、牺牲添加剂法和电化学处理法等；电解液优化主要包含钠盐与溶剂种类优化、钠盐与溶剂的配比优化、添加剂的应用；负极处补钠主要通过直接补钠法、电化学预钠法、硬碳改性、补钠剂等方法。本文通过综述当前补钠技术的进展，总结各自优缺点与商用推广可行性，以期为钠电领域补钠技术的发展提供指导。

关键词: 预钠化, 钠离子电池, 添加剂, 首次库仑效率

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as one of the most promising energy storage systems beyond lithium-ion batteries, holding great potential for widespread adoption. However, their development is hindered by a low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Sodium supplementation is recognized as an effective strategy to address this issue, playing a critical role in advancing the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries. This article reviews the research progress of presodium technologies worldwide It examines advancements from three key perspectives, namely cathodes, electrolytes, and anodes. For the cathodes, sodium supplementation methods include direct impregnation, sacrificing additives, and electrochemical treatment. The optimization of electrolytes primarily focuses on improving sodium salts and solvents, balancing their proportions, and incorporating additives. For anodes, sodium supplementation techniques include direct sodium supplementation, electrochemical presodium method, hard carbon modification. This review summarizes the current progress of sodium supplement technology, elaborates on their advantages and disadvantages, evaluates their commercial viability, and offers guidance for the development of sodium supplementation strategies in sodium-ion batteries.

Key words: presodium, sodium-ion battery, additive, initial Coulombic efficiency

中图分类号:

TM 911.3

唐从庆, 蔡京升. 补钠技术在钠离子电池中的应用进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 1884-1899.

Congqing TANG, Jingsheng CAI. Recent advances in presodiation strategies for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1884-1899.

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添加剂名词	截止电压/V	理论容量/(mAh/g)	实际容量/(mAh/g)	参考文献
NaN₃	4.2	412	300	[8]
Na₂S	4.1	687	687	[3]
Na₃P	4.3	804	600	[9]
NaCrO₂	4.2	251	229	[10]
Na₂NiO₂	3.6	392	285	[11]
Na₂CO₃	4.2	506	110	[12]
NaNO₂	4.3	427	350	[13]
Na₂C₂O₄	4.6	400	386.8	[14]
Na₂C₄O₄	4.1	339	230	[14-18]
Na₂C₆O₆	4.5	250	360	[14-15]
Na₂C₆H₂O₆	4.5	248	265	[19]
EDTA-4Na	4.5	237	420	[4]
DTPA-5Na	4.3	266	363	[20]
Na₂O	2.5~4.2	864	500	[21]
Na₂O₂	4	687	421	[22]
NaNH₂	3.8	686	680	[23]
CH₃COONa	4.18	326	302	[24]
PABZ-Na	3.45	168	160	[25]
Na₂C₃O₅	4	331	310	[3]

序号	材料名称	首圈充/放电/(mAh/g)	ICE	容量保持率	参考文献
1	联苯钠掺杂硬碳	300/301	99.6%	60%(500圈)	[63]
2	预锂化硬碳	200/239	92.0%	85%(1000圈)	[64]
3	预钠化碳分子筛	200/285	70.0%	81%(500圈)	[65]
4	预钠化生物质碳	283/478	59.2%	82%(900圈)	[66]

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