基于混合储能荷电状态的光伏微网功率优化管理方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着可再生能源在电力系统中的渗透率逐步提高，光伏发电的波动性对微网的功率质量和稳定性提出了挑战。对此，本工作提出了一种基于混合储能荷电状态(SOC)的光伏(PV)微网功率优化管理方法。该方法通过监测超级电容器和电池的SOC，实现光伏系统、储能系统与微网之间的动态功率分配。超级电容器负责瞬时功率调节以应对负载突变，减轻电池的瞬时响应压力，从而延长电池寿命；电池则主要承担平均功率调节任务，确保系统的持续稳定性。仿真结果显示，在光伏辐照度由1000 W/m²骤降至600 W/m²的情况下，直流链路电压能在0.15 s内恢复至100 V，电压过冲控制在1%以内；电网电流总谐波失真(THD)降至1.11%，符合IEEE 519标准。此外，在负载变化条件下，系统频率偏差控制在±0.01 Hz，满足IEEE 929标准中对电压和频率的稳定性要求。结果表明，该方法在提升光伏微网的功率质量和系统稳定性方面具有显著效果。

关键词: 混合储能荷电, 光伏微网功率优化, 动态功率分配, 超级电容器, 可再生能源

Abstract:

As power systems are increasingly adopting renewable energy sources, the power quality and stability of microgrids are impacted by the volatility of photovoltaic (PV) power generation. To address this issue, a power optimization management method for PV microgrids based on the state of charge (SOC) of hybrid energy storage systems is proposed herein. It dynamically allocates power between the PV system, energy storage system, and microgrid by monitoring the SOC of the supercapacitor and battery. The supercapacitor handles transient power regulation to respond to sudden load changes, thereby reducing the instantaneous response stress on the battery and extending its lifespan. The battery primarily manages average power regulation and ensures sustained system stability. Simulation results show that when the PV irradiance suddenly decreases from 1000 to 600 W/m², the DC bus voltage is restored to 100 V within 0.15 s and the voltage overshoot is controlled within 1%. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current is reduced to 1.11%, meeting IEEE 519 standards. The system frequency deviation is controlled within ±0.01 Hz under varying loads, meeting the voltage and frequency stability requirements of IEEE 929. The results demonstrate that the proposed method considerably enhances the power quality and stability of PV microgrids.

Key words: hybrid energy storage state of charge, photovoltaic microgrid power optimization, dynamic power distribution, supercapacitor, renewable energy

中图分类号:

TM 911.4

闫震, 刘强, 李会彬, 张俊, 蒋亚辉. 基于混合储能荷电状态的光伏微网功率优化管理方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 2067-2077.

Zhen YAN, Qiang LIU, Huibin LI, Jun ZHANG, Yahui JIANG. Power optimization management method for photovoltaic microgrids based on the state of charge of hybrid energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 2067-2077.

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规格	参数	值
光伏阵列	V_pv	40 V
光伏阵列	i_pv	20 A

超级电容器	V_sc	16.4 V
	i_p	200 A
	C_sc	52 F
	i_mc	17 A

电池	c_b	13 Ah
电池	V_b	10 V

电池BDDC	R_b	0.5 Ω
	L_b	5 mH
	C_b	220 μF
	C_db	220 μF

超级电容器BDDC	L_sc	5 mH
超级电容器BDDC	C_dsc	220 μF

VSC	L_f	10 mH
	C_f	1 μF
	C_di	2200 μF

PV变换器	L₁= L₂	5 mH
	C₁	110 F
	C₂	220 μF

负载参数	R_ldc	50 Ω
	R_Lac	10 Ω
	R_nl	30 Ω
	L_nl	1 mH

电网	V_g	240 V
电网	f	50 Hz

直流母线电压	V_dc	100 V
LPF	f_LPF	1 Hz
MAF	f_MAF	100 Hz

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