飞轮储能虚拟同步机动态特性及对电力系统频率的改善分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“双碳”目标提出后，可再生能源发电持续增加，传统火电机组占比下降，电力系统惯量降低，频率安全面临挑战。飞轮储能虚拟同步机(VSG)具备快速响应和惯量支撑能力，能够改善电力系统频率特性。本工作首先建立飞轮储能VSG模型，分析其在不同阻尼状态下的动态响应特性，验证了飞轮储能VSG的惯量和快速响应优势，并确定2.5 MW/0.5 MWh飞轮储能阵列VSG的最佳控制参数。随后建立含飞轮储能VSG的电力系统频率响应扩展模型，阐述飞轮储能VSG的惯性响应和调频能力，并在Matlab/Simulink环境中对某区域电力系统进行仿真分析，验证飞轮储能VSG调频辅助和惯量支撑作用，能够抑制电力系统在功率扰动时的频率跌落，抬升频率最低点，改善电力系统频率恶化现状。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 虚拟同步机, 惯量, 频率特性

Abstract:

After the "double carbon" target is put forward, renewable energy power generation continues to increase, the proportion of traditional thermal power units decreases, the inertia of the power system decreases, and frequency security faces challenges. The flywheel energy storage virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has the ability to provide fast response and inertia support to improve the frequency characteristics of the power system. This study first establishes a VSG model of flywheel energy storage, and the dynamic response characteristics under different damping states are analyzed. Similarly, flywheel energy storage VSG's inertia and fast response advantages were verified, and the optimal control parameters of the 2.5 MW/0.5 MWh flywheel energy storage array VSG were determined. Furthermore, a frequency response expansion model of a power system with flywheel energy storage VSG is established. The inertia response and frequency modulation ability of flywheel energy storage VSG are expounded. Additionally, the simulation analysis of a regional power system in the Matlab/Simulink environment is performed to verify that the frequency modulation auxiliary and inertia support functions of flywheel energy storage VSG can suppress the frequency drop of the power system during power disturbance, raise the lowest frequency point, and improve the frequency deterioration of the power system.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, virtual synchronous machine(VSG), inertia, frequency characteristics

中图分类号:

TM 743

左兴龙, 柳亦兵, 秦润, 曲文浩, 滕伟. 飞轮储能虚拟同步机动态特性及对电力系统频率的改善分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(6): 1920-1927.

Xinglong ZUO, Yibing LIU, Run QIN, Wenhao QU, Wei TENG. Dynamic characteristics of flywheel energy storage virtual synchronous machine and analysis of power system frequency improvement[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(6): 1920-1927.

图/表 10

图1

图2

表1

飞轮储能VSG参数"

飞轮储能VSG参数	数值
额定角频率 $ω 0$ /(r/s)	314
虚拟惯性系数 $H V$ /(p.u.)	0.15( $ξ = 4$ )；0.15( $ξ = 1$ )； 0.21( $ξ = 0.707$ )
阻尼系数 $D V$ /(p.u.)	50.24( $ξ = 4$ )；12.56( $ξ = 1$ )； 12.56( $ξ = 0.707$ )
VSG整机同步功率系数 $S E$ /(p.u.)	1.03

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

仿真参数"

参数	$M$	$D$	$R$	$a$	$T$	$η$	$T B$	$H V$	$D V$	$k$	$β$
数值	10	1	0.05	0.3	8	0.45	0.03	0.21	12.56	1.2	0.05

表2

图7

图8

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