考虑多场景需求的储能和直流系统频率响应特性协同优化方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0193

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源具有显著的波动性和不确定性，且提供的转动惯量有限，大规模新能源并网对电力系统频率调节带来了严峻挑战。同时，在异步联网方式下，随着直流规模的不断增加，进一步减小了系统的转动惯量，需要通过储能和直流频率限制控制器(FLC)改善送端电网各扰动场景下的频率控制能力。首先，基于某送端电网的仿真数据构建统一频率模型，分析电网在严重故障和常规扰动场景下的调频需求。在此基础上，针对各类场景下的频率问题，构建了储能控制器和直流FLC调频参数的联合优化模型，通过动态调整两者的调频参数能够兼顾不同场景下的系统调频能力、对受端电网的频率影响程度以及调频经济性。然后，根据所建模型的特点采用遗传算法分层递进求解优化问题，实现对储能控制器和直流FLC调频参数的综合最优设计。最后，在MATLAB仿真平台模拟该送端电网的常见扰动进行效果验证。仿真结果表明所提方法不仅能够兼顾严重故障场景下的送受端电网频率控制，还可以改善常规扰动场景下的送端电网频率特性以及调频经济性。

关键词: 新能源并网, 异步互联, 储能, 直流频率限制控制器, 调频参数

Abstract:

New energy systems have significant volatility and uncertainty, and the moment of inertia provided is limited. Large-scale grid connections of new energy systems lead to severe challenges in power system frequency regulation. Concurrently, in the asynchronous networking mode and with the continuous increase in DC scale, the system's moment of inertia is further reduced. Thus, energy storage and DC frequency limiting controllers (FLC) are required to improve the frequency control capability of the transmitting power grid under various disturbance scenarios. Therefore, a unified-frequency model was built based on the simulation data of a transmitting power grid to analyze the frequency modulation demand of the power grid under severe fault and conventional disturbance scenarios. On this basis, the joint optimization model for the energy storage controller and the DC FLC frequency modulation parameters was built for addressing frequency-related problems arising in various scenarios. By dynamically adjusting the frequency modulation parameters of the two, the system frequency modulation capability in different scenarios, the effect of frequency on the receiving power grid, and the frequency modulation economy were considered. Further, based on the model characteristics, a genetic algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem in a step-by-step manner and realize the comprehensive optimal design of the energy storage controller and the DC FLC frequency modulation parameters. Finally, the common disturbances pertaining to the transmitting power grid were simulated on the MATLAB simulation platform to verify the effect of optimization. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can not only take into account the frequency control of the transmitting and receiving power grids under various fault scenarios but also improve the frequency characteristics of the two power grids under conventional disturbance scenarios and the economy of frequency modulation.

Key words: renewable power integration, HVDC power transmission, energy storage, DC frequency limiting controller, FM parameters

中图分类号:

TM 761

丁可, 耿光超, 江全元. 考虑多场景需求的储能和直流系统频率响应特性协同优化方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(8): 2649-2658.

Ke DING, Guangchao GENG, Quanyuan JIANG. Collaborative optimization method for improving the frequency response characteristics of energy storage and DC systems considering multiscenario demands[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(8): 2649-2658.

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控制方法	储能控制系数	储能调频死区	FLC控制系数K_P	FLC控制系数K_I
所提方法	1376	0.036	8.74	1.79
固定参数	600	0.020	6.5	2.0

控制方法	受端电网最大频率偏差/Hz	受端电网最大频率偏差/Hz	储能最大出力/MW	FLC最大调节功率/MW
所提方法	0.443	0.048	978	1002
固定参数	0.536	0.076	584	1306

控制方法	储能使用容量/MWh	储能动作时长/s	电网最大频率偏差/Hz
所提方法	0.21	36.2	0.0461
固定参数	0.27	51.7	0.0503

控制方法	储能使用容量/MWh	储能最大功率/MW	电网最大频率偏差/Hz
所提方法	1.42	84.9	0.0498
固定参数	1.13	74.5	0.0556

控制方法	储能最大功率/MW	储能启动时间/s	电网最大频率偏差/Hz
所提方法	84.6	5.78	0.0494
固定参数	66.5	4.88	0.0523