Research progress of pre-sodiation technologies in sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0332

Abstract

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries are one of the next-generation low-cost and high-performance battery technologies in large-scale energy storage, and pre-sodiation technology can efficiently replace irreversible sodium depletion during cycling, therefore it plays a crucial role in the practical application of sodium-ion batteries. This research reviews the current pre-sodiation approaches, including physical pre-sodiation, electrochemical pre-sodiation, chemical reaction pre-sodiation, cathode additives, and over-sodiated cathodes. The benefits and drawbacks of different pre-sodiation technologies are examined, and the issues existing in the present pre-sodiation technologies are indicated considering the safety, operability, high efficiency, and total cost. Finally, we offer an outlook on the commercial prospects and development directions of pre-sodiation technologies in the future sodium-ion batteries. With its safety being its primary issue, physical pre-sodiation is facile and convenient; electrochemical pre-sodiation can obtain stable SEI film, but it is restricted by tedious process steps; although atmosphere has specific requirements, and the solvent is expensive, chemical reaction pre-sodiation can also generate a uniform and dense SEI film; although the cathode additives are easy to operate, there are few studies on the residue and gas production; and although the over-sodiated cathode has excellent electrochemical stability, it is restricted by too few types. Future pre-sodiation research needs to comprehensively consider factors including cost, environmental protection, safety and stability, and the effect mechanism of side reactions and by-products need to be investigated in depth.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, pre-sodiation, anode, cathode, pre-sodiation mechanisms

CLC Number:

TM 912

Jie CHEN, Weilun CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yanwei ZHOU, Wuxing ZHANG. Research progress of pre-sodiation technologies in sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3487-3496.

Figures/Tables 7

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