Overview of multilevel failure mechanism and analysis technology of energy storage lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0295

Abstract

Abstract:

The electrochemical and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to the characteristics of their materials, electrodes, and cell levels. Revealing the multilevel failure mechanism of energy storage lithium-ion batteries can guide their design optimization and use control. Therefore, this study considers the widely used lithium-iron phosphate energy storage battery as an example to review common failure forms, failure mechanisms, and characterization analysis techniques from the perspectives of materials, electrodes, and cells. Multilevel failure in this article includes the structure, composition, and interface failure of anode and cathode materials; the failure of electrolytes and separators; the failure of lithium plating, porosity, exfoliation, and nonuniform polarization of electrodes; and the gas production and thermal runaway of cells. Finally, the future energy storage failure analysis technology is presented, including the application of advanced characterization technology and standardized failure analysis process to contribute to promoting the development of failure analysis technology for energy storage lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: energy storage, lithium-ion battery, multi-level, failure analysis

CLC Number:

TK 911

Yi WANG, Xuebing CHEN, Yuanxi WANG, Jieyun ZHENG, Xiaosong LIU, Hong LI. Overview of multilevel failure mechanism and analysis technology of energy storage lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2079-2094.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

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材料	失效形式	分析技术
正/负极材料	结构失效 (相变、颗粒开裂、剥离) 组成失效	X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction，XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope，SEM)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy，TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、纳米-电子计算机断层扫描仪(nano-computerized tomography，nano-CT)、中子衍射(neutron diffraction，ND)、扩展X射线吸收精细谱(extended X-ray absorption fine structure，EXAFS) 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer，ICP-OES)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy，XPS)、飞行时间-二次离子质谱(time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry，TOF-SIMS)、软X射线吸收谱(soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy，sXAS)、X射线能谱(energy dispersive spectrometer，EDS)、X射线荧光光谱仪(X-ray fluorescence，XRF)
正/负极材料	表界面失效	XPS、TOF-SIMS、俄歇电子能谱(Auger electron spectroscopy，AES)、EDS、红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared reflection，FTIR)、冷冻电镜(cryo-transmission electron microscope，cryo-TEM)、原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope，AFM)
电解液	氧化/还原分解、组成变化	核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR)、气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，GC-MS)、液相色谱质谱联用(liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer，LC-MS)、离子色谱(ion chromatography，IC)
隔膜	氧化、堵孔、刺穿等	EDS、XPS、TOF-SIMS、FTIR、SEM

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