Research on battery thermal management based on electrochemical model

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0620

Abstract

Abstract:

In rapid charging and discharging process, power lithium batteries generate a substantial amount of heat, posing the risk of heat accumulation and thermal runaway. Therefore, thermal management is essential for battery safety. This study first establishes an electrochemical-thermal coupling model for batteries and investigates the temperature rise characteristics of batteries. Then, a battery thermal management system based on composite phase change materials (CPCMs) is designed to regulate battery temperature during high-rate discharge. Finally, the temperature control effect of the battery thermal management system on battery temperature and temperature difference is compared under different battery spacing conditions. The numerical simulation results show that during the 3 C rate discharge process of a single battery, the maximum temperature of the battery is 58.9 ℃. However, using phase change materials for battery cooling, even at an ambient temperature of 35 ℃, the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery can be effectively controlled at 46.1 ℃ and 3.6 ℃, respectively, thereby ensuring safe operation of the battery, extending the service life of the battery pack, and improving battery safety performance. Moreover, the analysis of the solid-phase ratio of CPCMs shows that maintaining a non-zero solid-phase ratio effectively controls battery temperature and temperature difference. However, when the solid-phase ratio of CPCMs in the thermal management system is zero, the battery pack temperature and temperature difference rapidly increase. Therefore, analyzing the solid-phase ratio index of CPCMs proves beneficial for their application and the optimization of thermal management systems.

Key words: composite phase change material, lithium-ion battery, electrochemical, thermal management

CLC Number:

TM 911

Mengqiong SONG, Yu PENG, Ziqiang LIAO. Research on battery thermal management based on electrochemical model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 578-585.

Figures/Tables 11

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参数	参数含义/单位	铝	正极	隔膜	负极	铜	来源
L	电极厚度/μm	16	92	20	59	9	[20]
r	粒子半径/μm		1.15		14.75		[20]
C_s,max	固相颗粒最大嵌锂溶度/(mol/m³)		22806		31370		[20]
C_s,0	固相初始锂离子溶度/(mol/m³)		3800		21061
C_l,0	液相初始锂离子溶度/(mol/m³)			1500			[20]
ε_s	固相体积分数		0.51		0.72
ε_l	液相体积分数		0.21	0.4	0.22
D_s	固相扩散系数/(m²/s)		1.25×10^-15		3.90×10^-14		[21]
D_l	液相扩散系数/(m²/s)			方程式(12)			[22]
σ_s	固相电导率/(S/m)		0.5		100		[20]
σ_l	液相电导率/(S/m)			方程式(13)			[22]
K_ref	反应速率常数/(m/s)		1.40×10^-12		3.00×10^-11		[23]
E	活化能/(J/mol·m^-1)		4000		4000		[20]
γ	布鲁格曼系数		1.5	1.5	1.5		[20]
T_ref	参考温度/℃			25			[20]
α	传递系数		0.5		0.5		[20]
t₊	锂离子迁移数			0.363			[20]
F	法拉第常数/(C/mol)			96487			[20]

参数	数值
融化温度/℃	42
融化范围/℃	5
导热系数/[W/(K·m)]	3.5
密度/(kg/m³)	800
比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	2000
相变潜热/(kJ/kg)	160

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