Electrical performance and heat production behavior of sodium-ion batteries at different discharge rate

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1047

Abstract

Abstract:

With the commercial adoption of sodium-ion batteries entering a fast-paced era, attention has shifted to their application in large-scale energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries generate heat during charging and discharging owing to a combination of reversible and irreversible electrochemical reactions, especially at high charge and discharge rates. This heat buildup raises battery temperatures, which can accelerate material aging, degrade performance, and even lead to safety concerns such as thermal runaway. This study investigates the electrochemical and thermal behaviors of two types of sodium-ion batteries, namely energy-type and power-type, during their charging and discharging processes. The capacity and energy retention ability of the two types of batteries decreased under high-rate discharge conditions. However, performance degradation was notably less pronounced in power-type batteries compared to energy-type batteries. Furthermore, power-type batteries exhibited a significantly smaller temperature rise and slower temperature increase across various discharge rates. A key observation was that the energy-type battery's temperature exceeded the safe operating limit when discharged at a 1.5 C rate, reaching 51.8 ℃. The results of this research not only provide a theoretical basis for selecting sodium-ion battery types for specific applications but also contribute valuable data for developing thermal management models.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, electrochemical behavior, thermal behavior, heat generation

CLC Number:

TM 912

Youwei WEN, Anqi TENG, Yongqi LI, Jiamin TIAN, Kangjie DING, Qiangling DUAN, Qingsong WANG. Electrical performance and heat production behavior of sodium-ion batteries at different discharge rate[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1687-1697.

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References 10

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参数	功率型钠离子电池	能量型钠离子电池
电池容量/Ah	170	185
能量密度/(Wh/kg)	≥105	≥110
额定电压/V	3	3
充电终止电压/V	3.75	3.85
放电终止电压/V	2	2
重量/kg	4.9	4.9
厚度×宽度×高度/mm×mm×mm	72×173.7×207	72×173.7×207

材料	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]	导热系数/[W/(m·℃)]
电池单体	2118	1070.5	X/Y/Z：21.63/21.63/2.11
液冷板	2719	871	202.4
水	998.2	4182	0.6
导热垫	2500	903	1.5

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