Internal Short Circuit Modeling and Safety Performance Improvement of Sodium-Ion Batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1028

Abstract

Abstract: The internal short circuit (ISC) mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively studied. Given the structural similarities between sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and LIBs, the research on the ISC mechanisms of SIBs can refer to that of LIBs. However, simulation validation of the SIBs remains necessary, due to the differences in key and auxiliary materials. This study employs 1 Ah pouch SIBs to simulate the four types of ISC models and compares the thermal behavior of SIBs and LIBs (LFP and NCM) under the most severe ISC conditions. The results reveal that SIBs exhibit the highest heat generation in the Al-Anode ISC mode, with significantly higher temperature rises than LIBs under the identical conditions. Due to differences in electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and chemical stability between aluminum foil (used in SIB anodes) and copper foil (used in LIB anodes), a single-factor experiment was conducted by replacing the SIB anode current collector with copper foil. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in localized temperature rise during the ISC process in SIBs. Further experiments using commercial 32700 SIBs verified that the use of copper foil current collector significantly improves the nail penetration pass rate, providing a viable strategy to enhance safety performance of SIBs for commercialization.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, internal short-circuit modes, safety performance, short circuit simulation

CLC Number:

TM912.9

NIE Yang, HE Wei, XU Xiongwen, TU Jian, ZHOU Bixiang, XIE Jian. Internal Short Circuit Modeling and Safety Performance Improvement of Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1028.

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