Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries based on orthogonal test

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0701

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is caused due to various factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to obtain the degree of importance of the factors affecting the TR of LIB to improve battery safety. Thus, this paper used COMSOL to analyze the influence of the penetrated position, speed of penetration, nail diameter, and state of charge (SOC) on the TR of LIB. Based on the results of penetration test of a single LIB, the influence of different penetrated diameters (R), SOC of the battery, and the number of penetrated cells (N) on the thermal diffusion of the battery module were analyzed. Subsequently, an orthogonal test was designed to analyze the penetrated conditions of battery modules, and it considers the N, R, SOC, and the interaction among these three factors. The results show that the battery SOC and penetrated diameter R significantly influence the TR of the battery, compared with the penetrated position and speed. Based on our findings, the smaller the R is, the more severe is the TR, and the larger the SOC is, the more uneven is the temperature distribution of the TR. In addition, the larger the R is, the longer is the thermal diffusion time for the battery module. The maximum TR temperature of each battery in the module changes when SOC varies within 100%～85%. The larger the N is, the more severe is the TR of the module. However, the maximum temperature of the battery located in the middle of the module decreased. For the battery module, the significance of the factors on the TR temperature and diffusion time is N>R>SOC*R>SOC* N>N*R>SOC. The number of penetrated cells significantly affected the thermal diffusion of the battery module, and the interaction between the factors cannot be ignored. This research paves a way to improve battery safety and design.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, orthogonal test

CLC Number:

TM 911

Liyue HU, Xingyan YAO. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries based on orthogonal test[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(4): 1268-1277.

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电池参数	数值
额定容量	20 Ah
额定电压	3.8 V
充/放电截止电压	4.2 V/2.8 V
电池尺寸	100 mm×80 mm×15 mm

组件	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/[J/(g·K)]	热导率/[W/(m·K)]
电芯	1367	2867	k_x=k_y =13.8，k_z =1.18
正极极耳	2700	900	160
负极极耳	8960	385	146
钢针	7850	475	44.5

电池编号	N=1		N=2
电池编号	T_max/℃	t_max/s	T_max/℃	t_max/s
1	942	2.5	969	2.31
2	794	17	943	12
3	821	26	788	16
4	846	35	841	20

水平	因素
水平	SOC(100%)	R/mm	N/个
1	100	2	1
2	75	4	2
3	85	6	—

试验号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Tem	Time
试验号	A	B	A*B	A*B	C	A*C	A*C	B*C	空列	空列	B*C	空列	空列	Tem	Time
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	841	42
2	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	882	30
3	1	1	1	1	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	841	42
4	1	2	2	2	1	1	1	2	2	2	3	3	3	830	44
5	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	1	1	1	852.3	30
6	1	2	2	2	2	3	3	1	1	1	2	2	2	852.3	30
7	1	3	3	3	1	1	1	3	3	3	2	2	2	839.8	46
8	1	3	3	3	2	2	2	1	1	1	3	3	3	845.8	32
9	1	3	3	3	1	3	3	2	2	2	1	1	1	821.8	49
10	2	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	838.5	45
11	2	1	2	3	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	881.3	31
12	2	1	2	3	2	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	881.3	31
13	2	2	3	1	1	2	3	2	3	1	3	1	2	828	47
14	2	2	3	1	2	3	1	3	1	2	1	2	3	856.8	32
15	2	2	3	1	1	1	2	1	2	3	2	3	1	828	47
16	2	3	1	2	1	2	3	3	1	2	2	3	1	803.8	54
17	2	3	1	2	2	3	1	1	2	3	3	1	2	840.5	34
18	2	3	1	2	2	1	2	2	3	1	1	2	3	844.8	33
19	3	1	3	2	1	3	2	1	3	2	1	3	2	842.5	39
20	3	1	3	2	2	1	3	2	1	3	2	1	3	879.5	30
21	3	1	3	2	1	2	1	3	2	1	3	2	1	842.5	39
22	3	2	1	3	1	3	2	2	1	3	3	2	1	831	46
23	3	2	1	3	2	1	3	3	2	1	1	3	2	851.5	31
24	3	2	1	3	2	2	1	1	3	2	2	1	3	851.5	31
25	3	3	2	1	1	3	2	3	2	1	2	1	3	818.3	52
26	3	3	2	1	2	1	3	1	3	2	3	2	1	844.3	32
27	3	3	2	1	1	2	1	2	1	3	1	3	2	818.3	52
k_Tem1	845.08	858.83	843.00	839.72	830.30	848.89	844.61	842.69	—	—	840.81	—	—	—	—
k_Tem2	844.75	842.36	846.25	843.11	858.73	840.28	847.31	846.28	—	—	848.47	—	—	—	—
k_Tem3	842.14	830.78	842.72	849.14	—	842.81	840.06	843.00	—	—	842.69	—	—	—	—
R_Tem	2.94	28.06	3.53	9.42	28.43	8.61	7.25	3.58	—	—	7.67	—	—	—	—
k_Time1	38.33	36.56	38.11	41.78	46.00	37.33	39.00	36.89	—	—	39.22	—	—	—	—
k_Time2	39.33	37.56	38.56	37.00	31.31	40.00	37.78	40.22	—	—	39.00	—	—	—	—
k_Time3	39.11	42.67	40.11	38.00	—	39.44	40.00	39.67	—	—	38.56	—	—	—	—
R_Time	1.00	6.11	2.00	4.78	14.69	2.67	2.22	3.33	—	—	0.67	—	—	—	—