基于储能的无功补偿技术综述

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0197

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于无功补偿的无功功率实时平衡是电力系统安全稳定运行的重要保障。储能变流器具有四象限运行功能，可同时输出或吸收无功及有功功率，具有调频调压功能。基于储能的无功补偿技术具有响应速度快，连续可调、规模可控等优点，适用于高比例新能源和高电力电子化的新型电力系统。本文基于储能无功补偿原理，介绍了多种拓扑结构储能变流器的无功控制策略、串并联模块化放大以及中高压级联技术等研究进展。按照储能类型和应用场景，综述了储能以及储能混合无功补偿技术的发展进程及趋势，早期储能无功补偿主要采用超导储能、超级电容器及飞轮储能等短时间尺度的储能技术，电池储能技术的发展使其在电网调压、黑启动等无功补偿领域具有应用前景。基于经济性考虑，储能与STATCOM、新能源机组协同运行实现有功无功联合调压，保障系统电压水平，改善电能质量。新能源为主的新型电力系统给予储能无功补偿技术更重要的角色。储能、新能源机组及无功补偿装置的暂态稳态协同控制是未来新能源场站无功补偿主要形态。储能与其他无功源之间的协调控制策略以及联合规划问题的求解与优化都将是储能无功补偿技术的研究重点。

关键词: 储能, 无功补偿, 电压控制, 混合, 变流器

Abstract:

The real-time balance of reactive power based on reactive power compensation is critical to power systems' safe and stable operation. The energy storage converter has a four-quadrant operation function that allows it to output or absorbs reactive and active power simultaneously. It has the function of frequency and voltage regulation. Reactive power compensation technology based on energy storage has the advantages of fast response speed, continuously adjustable, and scale controllable, etc., and is suitable for new power systems with a high proportion of new energy and high electronization. Based on the principle of reactive power compensation for energy storage, this paper introduces reactive power control strategy, serie-parallel modular amplification, and medium, and high voltage cascade technology of energy storage converters of various topology structures. According to the types of energy storage and application scenarios, energy storage reactive power compensation technology and energy storage hybrid reactive power compensation technology is reviewed, and its development process and trend of the research status are mentioned. The early storage reactive compensation mainly adopts short-time scale energy storage technology, such as superconducting energy storage, super-capacitor energy storage, and flywheel energy storage. The advancement of battery energy storage technology can have a positive impact on power grid voltage regulation, black start, and other reactive power compensation fields. Energy storage, static synchronous compensator, and new energy units collaborate based on economic considerations to realize combined voltage regulation of active and reactive power to ensure system voltage level and improve power quality. The new power system based on new energy gives the reactive power compensation technology of energy storage a more crucial role. Transient steady-state cooperative control of energy storage, new energy units, and reactive power compensation devices is the main form of reactive power compensation of new energy stations in the future. The research focuses on energy storage reactive power compensation technology will be the coordinated control strategy between energy storage and other reactive power sources and the solution and optimization of joint programming problems.

Key words: energy storage, reactive power compensation, voltage control, hybrid, converter

中图分类号:

TM 7

叶晖, 李爱魁, 张忠. 基于储能的无功补偿技术综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 2209-2217.

Hui YE, Aikui LI, Zhong ZHAGN. Overview of reactive power compensation technology based on energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2209-2217.

图/表 6

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