储能科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (1): 249-256.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0164

• 储能测试与评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

圆柱形高镍三元锂离子电池高温热失控实验研究

杜光超1,2,3(), 郑莉莉1,2,3, 张志超1,2,3, 王栋1,2,3, 冯燕1,2,3, 戴作强1,2,3()   

  1. 1. 青岛大学机电工程学院
    2. 青岛大学动力集成及储能系统工程技术中心
    3. 电动汽车智能化动力集成技术国家地方联合工程技术中心(青岛),山东 青岛 260071
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-19 修回日期:2019-08-19 出版日期:2020-01-05 发布日期:2020-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 戴作强 E-mail:Duguangchaoqdu@163.com;daizuoqiangqdu@163.com
  • 作者简介:杜光超(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新能源电动汽车,E-mail:Duguangchaoqdu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    电动汽车储电系统电(储能电池)-电(动力电池/超级电容)耦合成组技术研究(40518060027)

Experimental study on high temperature thermal runaway of cylindrical high nickel ternary lithium-ion batteries

DU Guangchao1,2,3(), ZHENG Lili1,2,3, ZHANG Zhichao1,2,3, WANG Dong1,2,3, FENG Yan1,2,3, DAI Zuoqiang1,2,3()   

  1. 1. College of mechanical and electrical engineering
    2. Power integration and energy storage system engineering technology center of Qingdao University
    3. National and local joint engineering technology center for intelligent power integration technology of electric vehicles (Qingdao), Qiangdao 260071, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-07-19 Revised:2019-08-19 Online:2020-01-05 Published:2020-01-10
  • Contact: Zuoqiang DAI E-mail:Duguangchaoqdu@163.com;daizuoqiangqdu@163.com

摘要:

锂离子电池安全性问题的本质是锂离子电池的热安全性问题,高温对锂电池极为有害,不仅影响电池的使用寿命,还可能危及电池安全。本文以圆柱形高镍三元锂电池为实验对象,利用绝热加速量热仪(ARC)的加热-等待-搜索(Heat-Wait-Seek)模式,对五组工况(SOC=0、25%、50%、75%和100%)下锂电池发生高温热失控时的热特性参数开展研究。实验结果表明:①锂电池发生高温热失控时的自产热起始温度受电池SOC的影响较小,主要受SEI膜分解的作用;②热失控触发温度随着SOC的增加呈现出降低的趋势,且正极与电解液的反应产热是导致热失控的主要原因;③热失控过程中电压线掉落和安全阀破坏的温度均随着电池SOC的增加而降低;④锂电池SOC值越高,热失控过程中的最高温度越高,最高温升速率越大,锂电池的破坏程度越剧烈。

关键词: 高镍三元锂电池, 不同SOC, 热失控, 热特性参数

Abstract:

Thermal safety is the main safety problem associated with lithium-ion batteries . High temperatures are extremely harmful to lithium batteries, affecting their service life and potentially endangering their safety. A ternary cylindrical high-nickel lithium-ion battery is the object of this study, and the heat–wait–seek mode of an adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter is used to study the thermal parameters of a lithium-ion battery when high-temperature thermal runaway occurs under five groups of operating conditions [state of charge (SOC) = 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%]. The experimental results show that 1) in a lithium-ion battery, the initial temperature of self-generated heat is minimally affected by the battery SOC and is mainly dependent on the solid electrolyte interface film decomposition, 2) the thermal runaway onset temperature tends to decrease as the SOC increases, and the reaction between the positive electrode and electrolyte produces heat, which is the main cause of thermal runaway, 3) the temperature at which the voltage line drop and safety valve damage occur during the thermal runaway process decreases as the battery SOC increases, and 4) the higher the SOC of the lithium-ion battery, the higher will be the maximum temperature in the thermal runaway process, the higher will be the rate of temperature increase, and the more severe will be the damage to the lithium-ion battery.

Key words: high nickel ternary lithium battery, different SOC, thermal runaway, thermal characteristic parameter

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