全钒液流电池三维结构电极研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0723

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电极是全钒氧化还原液流电池（VRFB）的核心组件，是电解液中钒离子发生氧化还原反应的场所。理想的VRFB电极需要同时具备高电导率、大比表面积、优异的传质特性、良好的机械稳定性及化学稳定性，而传统的二维电极材料往往难以兼顾这些需求。三维结构电极通过其可设计的孔隙通道和增大的活性界面，能够协同增强电化学反应活性、优化传质路径并拓展活性位点，为解决上述瓶颈提供了有效途径。本文回顾了三维结构电极技术在提升VRFB性能中的应用与研究进展，重点讨论了泡沫基、生物质基及静电纺丝衍生三维电极的设计策略、制备方法及其构效关系，并剖析了金属基、碳基及复合三维电催化剂的界面构建机制。该综述有利于加深人们对三维电极“多级结构-功能协同”规律的理解，以期设计出更优的电极体系，提高VRFB的能量效率和循环寿命，降低成本，推进全钒氧化还原液流电池的产业化发展。

关键词: 全钒液流电池, 电极, 三维结构, 电催化剂, 构效关系

Abstract:

Electrodes are the core components of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), serving as the sites where vanadium ions in the electrolyte undergo redox reactions. An ideal VRFB electrode must simultaneously possess high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, excellent mass transport characteristics, and good mechanical and chemical stability, yet traditional two-dimensional electrode materials often struggle to fulfill all these requirements concurrently. Three-dimensional (3D) structured electrodes, leveraging their designable pore channels and enlarged active interfaces, provide an effective pathway to overcome these bottlenecks by enabling the synergistic enhancement of electrochemical reaction kinetics, optimization of mass transport pathways, and expansion of active sites. This review surveys the application and research progress of 3D structured electrode technology in enhancing VRFB performance, focusing on the design strategies, fabrication methods, and structure-performance relationships of foam-based, biomass-derived, and electrospinning-derived 3D electrodes, along with an analysis of the interface construction mechanisms of metal-based, carbon-based, and composite 3D electrocatalysts. It aims to deepen understanding of the "hierarchical structure-function synergy" principle in 3D electrodes, ultimately guiding the design of superior electrode systems to improve the energy efficiency and cycle life of VRFBs, reduce costs, and advance their industrial development.

Key words: vanadium redox flow battery, Electrodes, 3D structure, Electrocatalyst, Structure-performance relationship

中图分类号:

TM911

任大勇, 陈湘源, 蒋明哲, 净远, 王乾坤, 王绍亮, 冯子洋. 全钒液流电池三维结构电极研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0723.

Dayong REN, Xiangyuan CHEN, Mingzhe JIANG, Yuan JING, Qiankun WANG, Shaoliang WANG, Ziyang FENG. Progress on 3D Structured Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0723.

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