储能锂电池充放电特性和热管理研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0788

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂电池储能在辅助可再生能源并网、电网调频和调峰等方面发挥重要作用，精准的电池模型描述是储能电池系统状态估计和能量管理的基础。本文对储能锂电池在充放电过程中的电特性和热特性进行了研究。采用多物理场耦合建立储能液冷电池模块的有限元仿真计算模型，并求解得到充放电全过程电池模块的电特性、温度场分布和流场分布。搭建充放电测试平台对某液冷电池模块进行了试验测量，得到充放电过程中电压、电流、荷电状态等电特性参数和产热功率、冷却功率、温度等热特性参数随时间的变化，实验测试结果和仿真计算结果匹配良好。最后通过仿真计算模型对比分析了冷却液流量和电池初始温度对电池模块的电特性、热特性和流场特性的影响。该仿真计算方法和所获结果能为储能锂电池的状态估计、热管理参数优化提供依据。

关键词: 储能, 锂电池, 充放电特性, 热管理, 有限元

Abstract:

Lithium battery energy storage plays an important role in assisting renewable energy grid connection, grid frequency modulation and peak shaving. Accurate battery model description is the basis of state estimation and energy management of energy storage battery system. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the electrical and thermal characteristics of energy storage lithium battery during charging and discharging. Multi-physical field coupling is adopted to construct the finite-element calculation model of a liquid-cooled battery module, and the electrical characteristics, temperature field and flow field distribution are calculated. Experimental measurements were performed to test the liquid-cooled battery module, and the electrical characteristic parameters such as voltage, current and state of charge and the thermal characteristic parameters such as heat generation power, cooling power and temperature during the charging and discharging cycle were obtained. Numerical results and experimental results have a good match, which confirms the effectiveness of the numerical simulation method. In addition, parametric studies were carried out to analyze the effects of coolant flow rate and initial battery temperature on the electrical characteristics, thermal characteristics and flow field characteristics of the battery module. The numerical calculation method and the obtained results can provide basis for state estimation, thermal management parameter optimization of energy storage lithium batteries.

Key words: Energy Storage, Lithium battery, Charge-discharge characteristics, Thermal management, Finite-element

中图分类号:

TH 12

熊杰, 于海波, 李响, 朱建, 王万纯, 李创. 储能锂电池充放电特性和热管理研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0788.

Jie XIONG, Haibo YU, Xiang LI, Jian ZHU, Wanchun WANG, Chuang LI. Research on charge-discharge characteristics and thermal management of lithium battery for energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0788.

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部件	密度/(kg·m^-3)	比热容/(J·(kg·K)^-1)	导电系数/(W·(m·K)^-1)	电导率/(S·m^-1)	动力粘度/(Pa·s)
电芯	2.16E3	964	3.56/11.0/11.0(x/y/z)	--	--
电芯极柱	2.7E3	900	238	3.774E7	--
连接铝排	2.7E3	900	238	3.774E7	--
连接铜排	8.96E3	385	385	5.998E7	--
液冷底板	2.73E3	893	155	--	--
冷却液	9.98E2	4187	0.5942	--	0.001

特性参数	流量/( L·min^-1)
特性参数	2	3	5	8
最大充电电流/V	147.742	147.750	147.753	147.755
最大放电电流/A	-162.248	-162.583	-162.607	-162.638
充电最高电压/V	180.628	180.609	181.004	180.701
放电最低电压/V	143.415	143.118	143.098	143.066
电芯最大压差/mV	16.91	12.36	7.92	5.22
产热总量/J	2.1618E5	2.1914E5	2.2145E5	2.2307E5
冷却总量/J	1.5605E5	1.6359E5	1.6944E5	1.7382E5
冷却效率/%	72.2%	74.4%	76.5%	77.9%
最高采样温度/℃	32.52	31.86	31.17	30.81
最高本体温度/℃	29.53	28.70	27.87	27.41
最大采样温差/℃	2.41	1.72	1.15	0.84
最大本体温差/℃	2.68	1.91	1.19	0.78
液冷板流阻/kPa	5.08E3	9.86E3	24.2E3	57.8E3
冷却液最大流速/( m·s^-1)	1.68	2.47	3.99	6.17

特性参数	电芯初始温度/℃
特性参数	20	25	30
最大充电电流/V	147.753	148.295	149.229
最大放电电流/A	-162.607	-162.576	-162.237
充电最高电压/V	181.004	181.641	181.564
放电最低电压/V	143.098	143.125	143.424
电芯最大压差/mV	7.92	12.46	12.98
产热总量/J	2.2145E5	2.1026E5	2.0404E5
冷却总量/J	1.6944E5	1.9207E5	2.1980E5
冷却效率/%	76.5%	91.3%	107.7%
最高采样温度/℃	31.17	31.93	32.43
最高本体温度/℃	27.87	28.75	29.90
最大采样温差/℃	1.15	1.81	2.04
最大本体温差/℃	1.19	1.93	2.08
液冷板流阻/kPa	24.2E3	24.2E3	24.2E3
冷却液最大流速/( m·s^-1)	3.99	3.99	3.99