钠离子电池煤基炭负极可控制备：研究进展与展望

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0150

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 3373-3388.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0150

• 储能材料与器件 • 上一篇

钠离子电池煤基炭负极可控制备：研究进展与展望

李秀春¹^,²(), 常永刚², 解炜², 李晓明³, 陈成猛³()

^1.中煤华利新疆炭素科技有限公司，新疆哈密 839200
^2.中煤华利能源控股有限公司，北京 100020
^3.中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所，山西太原 030001

收稿日期:2025-02-17 修回日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
通讯作者: 陈成猛 E-mail:lixiuchun@chinacoal.com;chencm@sxicc.ac.cn
作者简介:李秀春（1965—），男，本科，高级工程师，从事煤炭工艺研发，E-mail：lixiuchun@chinacoal.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4101600);中煤-煤化所联合企业项目(20241CS012);山西省重点研发计划项目(202202040201007)

Controllable preparation of coal-based carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries: Research progress and prospects

Xiuchun LI¹^,²(), Yonggang CHANG², Wei XIE², Xiaoming LI³, Chengmeng CHEN³()

^1.China Coal Huali Xinjiang Carbon Technology Corporation Ltd. , Hami 839200, Xinjiang, China
^2.China Coal Huali Energy Holdings Corporation Ltd. , Beijing 100020, China
^3.Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China

Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-03-12 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-05
Contact: Chengmeng CHEN E-mail:lixiuchun@chinacoal.com;chencm@sxicc.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池凭借资源丰富、成本低廉等优势，成为一种极具潜力的储能技术。作为钠离子电池的关键组成部分，负极材料的开发至关重要。炭基材料因其结构稳定、成本低廉、安全性高等优势，被认为是最有商业化应用前景的负极材料。煤具有成本低、碳收率高、分子结构可调等特点，被认为是一种优质的碳源。然而，煤固有的高芳香性与组分的高复杂性导致了其衍生炭微晶结构高度有序且结构演变不可控，严重阻碍了高性能煤基炭负极材料的设计。本文针对钠离子电池煤基炭负极材料发展的关键问题，介绍了煤炭结构、性质与其热解机理，并从无定形碳微观结构调控方面总结了以煤为碳源制备钠离子电池负极的最新技术研究进展，最后针对煤基炭负极材料未来面临的问题与研究进展进行了讨论与展望，旨在为高性能煤基炭负极材料的开发及应用提供指导。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 炭材料, 煤, 热解, 含氧官能团, 结构调控

Abstract:

With the advantages of abundant resources and cost-effectiveness, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising energy storage technologies. The development of high-performance anode materials is critical to their commercialization. Among various options, carbon-based materials are regarded as the most promising anodes owing to their stable structures, cost-effectiveness, and high safety. Coal is considered a high-quality carbon source due to its affordability, high carbon yield, and tunable molecular structure. However, the inherent high aromaticity of coal and the complexity of its components result in a highly ordered and uncontrollable evolution of the derived carbon microcrystalline structure. This significantly hinders the design of high-performance coal-based carbon anodes. In this paper, we introduce the structure and properties of coal and its pyrolysis mechanism, aiming to address the critical challenges associated with coal-based anodes for SIBs. We summarize recent technological advancements in preparing anode materials using coal as a carbon source, focusing on microstructural modulation of amorphous carbon. Finally, we discuss future challenges and research directions for coal-based anodes to provide guidance for developing and applying high-performance coal-derived carbon materials.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, carbon materials, coal, pyrolysis, oxygen-containing functional groups, structural modulation

中图分类号:

O 613.71

李秀春, 常永刚, 解炜, 李晓明, 陈成猛. 钠离子电池煤基炭负极可控制备：研究进展与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(9): 3373-3388.

Xiuchun LI, Yonggang CHANG, Wei XIE, Xiaoming LI, Chengmeng CHEN. Controllable preparation of coal-based carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries: Research progress and prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3373-3388.

图/表 14

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煤种	颜色	光泽度	芳核平均环数	氧含量	挥发分含量
褐煤	褐色	沥青光泽	1~2	15%~30%	>40%
次烟煤	漆黑色	玻璃光泽	2~3	15%~20%	30%~40%
烟煤	黑色	强玻璃光泽	3~5	10%~15%	~30%
无烟煤	灰黑色	金属光泽	>40	5%~10%	<10%

有机显微组分	油浸反射色	透射色	突起	反射率	密度/(g/cm³)
镜质组	深灰至浅灰	橙红、棕红、棕黑或黑色	无或微突起	居中	1.25~1.30
壳质组	深灰	黄至红色	低突起	低	<1.25
惰质组	灰白、白	棕黑色	高突起	高	>1.30

钠离子电池煤基炭负极可控制备：研究进展与展望

Controllable preparation of coal-based carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries: Research progress and prospects

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