储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 3530-3537.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0260

• 储能测试与评价 • 上一篇    

储能用锂离子电池加速老化及老化后安全特性研究

刘明轩1,2(), 陈文涛1,2, 申韶鹏1,2, 张世杰1,2, 韦振1,2, 马彪1,2, 李丹华1,2, 刘仕强1,2(), 王芳1,2()   

  1. 1.中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司
    2.中汽研新能源汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司，天津 300300
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘仕强,王芳 E-mail:liumingxuan@catarc.ac.cn;liushiqiang@catarc.ac.cn;wangfang2011@catarc.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:刘明轩（1997—），男，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为动力、储能电池测评技术，E-mail：liumingxuan@catarc.ac.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2408201)

Research on accelerated aging and safety characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage

Mingxuan LIU1,2(), Wentao CHEN1,2, Shaopeng SHEN1,2, Shijie ZHANG1,2, zhen WEI1,2, Biao MA1,2, Danhua LI1,2, Shiqiang LIU1,2(), Fang WANG1,2()   

  1. 1.China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. , Ltd.
    2.CATARC New Energy Vehicle Research and Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin 300300, China
  • Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-04-22 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Shiqiang LIU, Fang WANG E-mail:liumingxuan@catarc.ac.cn;liushiqiang@catarc.ac.cn;wangfang2011@catarc.ac.cn

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摘要：

随着全球能源转型进程的不断加速，电力储能领域正逐渐成为能源领域的核心板块，锂离子电池是电化学储能的重要组成部分之一，因此其应用现状与未来发展趋势等方面都备受市场和研究人员的关注。在实际应用中，电池的循环寿命及长期使用后的安全特性是评价储能电池的关键技术指标，同时也是不可分割的两部分。本工作基于大容量磷酸铁锂电池，总结研究了高温加速老化测试规律及循环后电池安全特性，结果表明高温加速老化效果在循环前200圈并不能严格归结为常温循环老化的固定倍数关系，但随着循环圈数增加，45 ℃下循环的电池容量衰减率与25 ℃下循环的电池容量衰减率的比值会趋近于2，并逐步趋向稳定，该研究结论为锂离子电池寿命预测提供了重要依据。除此之外，研究发现循环后电池热失控触发温度会随着SOH的降低而降低，并且根据已有结果发现二者比值(热失控温度/SOH)均能够维持在130~145，为后续实际应用中寿命预测、实时监控及安全预警提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 储能电池, 循环性能, 加速老化, 热失控

Abstract:

With the continuous acceleration of the global energy transition, power storage has increasingly become a core sector of the energy industry. Lithium-ion batteries, as crucial components of electrochemical energy storage systems, have attracted significant attention from both the market and researchers. In practical applications, battery cycle life and long-term safety are key technical indicators for evaluating energy storage batteries and are closely interrelated. This study focuses on high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries and summarizes the testing protocols for high-temperature accelerated aging and the safety characteristics of batteries after cycling. The results show that within the first 200 cycles, the high-temperature accelerated aging effect cannot be strictly described as a fixed multiple of room-temperature cycling aging. However, as the number of cycles increases, the ratio of capacity degradation rates under 45 ℃ and 25 ℃ cycling approaches 2 and gradually stabilizes. These findings provide an important basis for predicting the service life of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, it was observed that the thermal runaway triggering temperature decreases as the state of health (SOH) declines. Based on the current results, the ratio of thermal runaway temperature to SOH can be maintained between 130 and 145, offering a theoretical foundation and data support for life prediction, real-time monitoring, and safety warnings in practical applications.

Key words: energy storage battery, cyclic performance, accelerated aging, thermal runaway

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