耦合低温余热的HP-ORC热泵储电系统热经济性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对钢铁行业低温烟气余热利用率低的现状，本文提出一种耦合低温余热的热泵-有机朗肯循环(HP-ORC)系统，并构建系统热力学模型和经济模型。设定R601a为热泵(HP)循环工质，并选取R1233zd(E)、R600a、R1336mzz(Z)、R1224yd(Z)作为有机朗肯循环(ORC)工质，研究不同ORC工质条件下HP冷凝温度、储热温度和ORC蒸发温度对HP-ORC系统热经济性能的影响。研究结果表明，降低HP冷凝温度、提高储热温度和ORC蒸发温度都可提高HP-ORC系统的功率效率(η_P2P)和㶲效率(η_ex)，而系统总的单位温度传热量(Q_UA)随着HP冷凝温度和储热温度的升高先减小后增大，随着ORC蒸发温度的升高而逐渐增大，且呈非线性增长的趋势。以工质R1233zd(E)为例，当HP冷凝温度升高2 ℃时，HP-ORC系统η_P2P和η_ex分别平均减小1.54%和0.58%；当储热温度升高2 ℃时，系统η_P2P和η_ex分别平均增加0.4%和0.15%；当ORC蒸发温度升高2 ℃时，系统η_P2P和η_ex分别平均增加0.93%和0.64%。当系统热力学参数相同时，ORC子系统中工质R1233zd(E)具有最大的η_P2P和η_ex，但采用R1233zd(E)作为ORC工质时系统经济性能相对较差，说明热力性能最好的工质可能不具有良好的经济性能。在实际操作过程中，存在适宜的热力参数和循环工质使得HP-ORC系统获得较大的η_P2P和η_ex和较小的Q_UA。

关键词: 余热回收, 热泵, 有机朗肯循环, 热力学性能, 经济性能

Abstract:

To address the low utilization rate of waste heat from low-temperature flue gas in the steel industry, this study proposed a coupling system combining a heat pump and an organic Rankine cycle (HP-ORC) for low-temperature waste heat recovery. Thermal and economic models of the proposed HP-ORC system were established. R601a was selected as the circulating working medium for the heat pump (HP), while R1233zd(E), R600a, R1336mzz(Z), and R1224yd(Z) were selected as working mediums for the ORC. The study investigated how HP condensation temperature, heat storage temperature, and ORC evaporation temperature affect the thermal and economic performance of the HP-ORC system under various ORC working mediums. Results showed that decreasing the HP condensation temperature and increasing both heat storage temperature and ORC evaporation temperature improved the power-to-power efficiency (η_P2P) and exergy efficiency (η_ex) of the system. However, the total heat transfer capacity per unit temperature (Q_UA) of the HP-ORC system first decreased and then increased as the HP condensation and heat storage temperatures rose. Furthermore, the Q_UA of HP-ORC system increased nonlinearly with higher ORC evaporation temperatures. Using R1233zd(E) as an example, the study found that when the HP condensation temperature increased by 2 ℃, η_P2P and η_ex of decreased by an average of 1.54% and 0.58%, respectively. Conversely, when the HP condensation temperature rose by 2 ℃, η_P2P and η_ex increased by an average of 0.4% and 0.15%, respectively. When the ORC evaporation temperature rose 2 ℃, η_P2P and η_ex increased by an average of 0.93% and 0.64%, respectively. For the fixed the thermal parameters of HP-ORC system, the working medium with R1233zd(E) exhibited the largest η_P2P and η_ex in the ORC subsystem. However, its economic performance was relatively poor, demonstrating that the working medium with the best thermal performance may not necessarily offer optimal economic performance. During actual operation, selecting appropriate thermal parameters and a suitable working medium enables the HP-ORC system to achieve higher η_P2P and η_ex and smaller Q_UA.

Key words: waste heat recovery, heat pump, organic Rankine cycle, thermal performance, economic performance

中图分类号:

TK 115

冯军胜, 严亚茹, 王璐, 赵亮, 董辉. 耦合低温余热的HP-ORC热泵储电系统热经济性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 2130-2140.

Junsheng FENG, Yaru YAN, Lu WANG, Liang ZHAO, Hui DONG. Research on thermal economic performance of HP-ORC pumped thermal energy storage system coupled with low-temperature waste heat[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 2130-2140.

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有机工质	R601a	R1233zd(E)	R600a	R1336mzz(Z)	R1224yd(Z)
工质类型	干	干	干	干	干
摩尔质量/(g/mol)	72.15	130.5	58.12	164.06	148.49
沸点/℃	27.83	18.3	-11.74	33.4	14.62
临界温度/℃	187.2	166.5	134.7	171.3	155.54
临界压力/MPa	3.378	3.62	3.64	2.9	3.337
ODP	0	0	0	0	0
GWP	7	1	20	2	<1

性能指标	文献[18]	模拟值	相对误差
COP	3.25	3.31	1.85%
η_ORC	7.32	7.35	0.41%
η_p2p	23.79	24.33	2.27%
η_ex	18.62	19.21	3.17%

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