储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (8): 3090-3099.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0020

• 储能材料与器件 • 上一篇    

电容型锂离子电池的球头压痕对其安全性研究

杨斌1,2(), 杨军1(), 徐浪2, 温浩伟1, 刘登锋1, 阮殿波1   

  1. 1.宁波大学机械工程与力学学院,浙江 宁波 315211
    2.合盛新能(宁波)科技有限公司,浙江 宁波 315040
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-04 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨军 E-mail:yangbin@nbu.edu.cn;13798961096@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨斌(1987—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为功率型锂离子电池的工程化应用,E-mail:yangbin@nbu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(22078164);浙江省创新平台资助项目(422302142);宁波市科技计划项目(2022Z026)

Ball-head indentation-induced safety evaluation of capacitive lithium-ion batteries

Bin YANG1,2(), Jun YANG1(), Lang XU2, Haowei WEN1, Dengfeng LIU1, Dianbo RUAN1   

  1. 1.Faculty of Mechanical Engineer & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
    2.Hesheng Alternative Energy Technology Co. , Ltd. , Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2025-01-04 Revised:2025-02-21 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-08-18
  • Contact: Jun YANG E-mail:yangbin@nbu.edu.cn;13798961096@163.com

摘要:

电池受局部挤压是造成汽车碰撞引发热失控的主要原因之一。为揭示电容型锂离子电池在受到局部压痕时的失效机理,本工作以正极为镍钴锰酸锂@活性炭复合材料、负极为软碳/石墨复合材料体系的电容型18650锂离子电池进行球头压痕实验,探究电池失效过程及温度演变规律,并讨论SOC、压痕位置对电池安全的影响以及受损电池的安全隐患。结果表明,峰值载荷数据随着SOC的增大而逐渐减小,内短路变形量随SOC增大而逐渐降低;靠近电池正极一端受到损伤时更易引发热失控现象,且损伤的面积增加,温度也随之更高。当压痕深度达到临界值时,电池在径向出现层间屈曲弯折与裂纹、轴向极片出现破损现象,电池嵌锂脱锂能力大幅下降,自放电现象严重。本工作为电池的短路位置和易破坏区域提供有效参考,为电池包的安全性设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 全极耳, 电容型锂离子电池, 球头压痕, 热失控

Abstract:

Local mechanical compression is one of the major contributors to thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) during vehicle collisions. To investigate the failure mechanism of capacitive LiBs under localized indentation, ball-head indentation experiments were performed on 18650 capacitive LiBs. These batteries featured a positive electrode composed of Ni-Co-Mn oxide and activated carbon composite, and a negative electrode made of an extremely soft carbon/graphite composite. The failure process and temperature evolution behavior were analyzed. The effects of state of charge (SOC), indentation location, and secondary use on battery safety were systematically examined. The results show that the peak load decreases with increasing SOC, and the internal short-circuit deformation also diminishes as SOC increases. Damage near the positive terminal is more likely to induce thermal runaway, and elevated temperatures are observed as the damaged area expands. Once the indentation depth reaches a critical threshold, interlayer bending and radial cracking occur, axial electrode plates are damaged, the battery's lithium intercalation and deintercalation capability is considerably reduced, and severe self-discharge is observed. This study offers valuable insights into identifying short-circuit locations and vulnerable regions within the battery, providing a theoretical basis for improving the safety design of battery packs.

Key words: tabless, capacitive lithium-ion batteries, ball head indentation, thermal runaway

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