A Comparative Study on the Innovation-Driven Development of Vehicle-used Lithium-ion Battery Technology between China and the United States Based on Patent Analysis

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0259

Abstract

Abstract:

The analysis of patent information pertaining to vehicle-used lithium-ion battery technologies in both China and the United States is conducive to discerning the international mainstream trends of the innovation-driven development of this technology and China's position in international competition. Moreover, it can furnish valuable references for the attainment of high-quality development and high-level security of relevant technologies and industries within China. By analyzing the patent information retrieved from the incoPat database, a comprehensive comparative study of the innovation of vehicle-used lithium-ion battery technologies between the two countries was carried out from three perspectives, namely the patent quantity, patent quality and technical fields and hotspots. China has manifested a conspicuous effect in catching up with the United States in quantity of R&D outcomes. However, its performance in quality of outcomes is relatively less remarkable. In terms of the command of basic core technologies and the market value of outcomes, China still face certain shortage compared with the United States. Both China and the United States possess their respective advantages in the technology life cycle. Whether China can effectuate breakthroughs in key technologies in medium or short term is the determinant of future competitive landscape between the two countries. While both nations have dedicated significant R&D resources to key core technologies in automotive lithium-ion batteries, their technical research priorities and emphasized technological goals vary. Eventually, recommendations for relevant development in China were proffered from three aspects.

Key words: New Energy Vehicles, Lithium-ion Batteries, Innovation-Driven Development, Patent Analysis, China, the United States

CLC Number:

G306

Wen Ting Jin, Yi Sheng Cai. A Comparative Study on the Innovation-Driven Development of Vehicle-used Lithium-ion Battery Technology between China and the United States Based on Patent Analysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0259.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 34

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评价维度	具体指标	衡量维度	指标意义	参考文献来源
技术质量	专利被引次数	技术影响力	被引次数越多，说明专利技术的基础性与通用性越强，对后续专利的影响越大	李睿等^[19]
	IPC小类数	技术覆盖范围	IPC小类数越多，表明该技术的技术覆盖范围较广	张杰等^[20]
	专利引证次数	技术创新度	引证次数越多，技术的基础越深厚、创新度越高	霍翠婷等^[21]
市场质量	布局国家数	国际市场广度	布局国家数越多，专利技术面向的国际市场越广泛	杨武等^[22]
	同族专利数	国际市场竞争力	同族专利数越多，专利技术在国际市场上的竞争力越强	朱雪忠等 ^[16]
	转让次数	市场流通性	转让次数越多，市场流通性越好	罗国立等^[23]
法律质量	有效专利占比	专利权稳定性	有效专利占比越高，意味着被撤销或宣告无效的情况越少，权利越稳定	霍翠婷等^[21]
	权利要求数量	专利权保护范围	权利要求数量越多，权利保护范围越广、越坚固	杨武等^[22]
	专利权人数量	专利权维护力量	专利权人数量越多，意味着有越多的主体共同参与权利的维持和保护	霍翠婷等^[21]

项目	具体阶段	中国	美国
技术生命周期	萌芽	2009-2017	2001-2009
	成长	2018-2025	2010-2016
	成熟	2026-2031	2017-2025
	衰退	2032-2037	2026-2032

申请年	中国				美国
申请年	技术质量	市场质量	法律质量	专利质量	技术质量	市场质量	法律质量	专利质量
2000	0.12	0.09	0.22	0.17	0.68	0.62	0.33	0.66
2001	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.39	0.66	0.32	0.56
2002	0.47	0.09	0.17	0.28	0.46	0.48	0.51	0.58
2003	0.21	0.15	0.19	0.22	0.93	0.49	0.44	0.74
2004	0.40	0.20	0.24	0.33	0.62	0.61	0.36	0.64
2005	0.29	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.63	0.82	0.61	0.84
2006	0.28	0.27	0.40	0.38	0.52	0.54	0.54	0.65
2007	0.32	0.12	0.22	0.26	0.69	0.74	0.72	0.87
2008	0.32	0.27	0.45	0.41	0.69	0.55	0.68	0.77
2009	0.26	0.18	0.28	0.29	0.64	0.55	0.65	0.74
2010	0.32	0.25	0.41	0.39	0.51	0.66	0.74	0.77
2011	0.27	0.20	0.55	0.41	0.42	0.55	0.66	0.66
2012	0.29	0.24	0.46	0.40	0.34	0.54	0.65	0.62
2013	0.31	0.21	0.47	0.40	0.50	0.56	0.71	0.71
2014	0.30	0.24	0.45	0.39	0.29	0.45	0.72	0.59
2015	0.26	0.18	0.45	0.35	0.32	0.54	0.69	0.63
2016	0.27	0.23	0.43	0.37	0.30	0.49	0.66	0.59
2017	0.28	0.29	0.40	0.43	0.27	0.51	0.64	0.58
2018	0.27	0.21	0.44	0.52	0.27	0.47	0.66	0.57
2019	0.26	0.27	0.48	0.51	0.23	0.42	0.72	0.56
2020	0.24	0.26	0.45	0.44	0.23	0.41	0.53	0.48
2021	0.22	0.21	0.42	0.41	0.20	0.38	0.45	0.42
2022	0.18	0.18	0.39	0.35	0.14	0.34	0.40	0.36

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