Research on swelling force characteristics of power battery during charging

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0642

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries demonstrate a noticeable volume swell before thermal runaway occurs. Therefore, studying the changing law of power battery swelling force is significant for improving battery performance and early warning safety. This study explores the changing law of the swelling force for ternary/graphite batteries when charging at various temperatures and rates. The increase in the swelling force of the power battery is minimum when charged at 25 ℃. Consequently, the low ambient temperature causes lithium ions to accumulate on the surface of the graphite layer, thereby increasing the battery thickness and swelling force. Moreover, the higher the ambient temperature, the larger the volume of the power battery; an SEI film is produced during charging, leading to a greater expansion force. When the power battery is charged at different rates, the swelling force gradually rises with an increase in charging rate, possibly because the high rate charging increases the battery temperature; the SEI film is formed on the material's surface. The CT scan results accurately quantify and analyze the thickness variations of the battery during the charging process. The capacity differential curve (dQ/dV) during the charging process reveals that the variation in the growth trend of the swelling battery force is primarily due to the various phase transitions of the positive and negative materials in the different charging stages. Then, the change characteristics of the expansion force in the charging process of the power battery are revealed from the mechanism level.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, swelling force, phase transition

CLC Number:

TQ 028.8

Chunjing LIN, Danhua LI, Haoran WEN, Tianyi MA, Hong CHANG, Peixiang CHANG, Haiqiang LI, Shiqiang LIU. Research on swelling force characteristics of power battery during charging[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1627-1633.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 3

Table 4

References 22

1	LIU W, OH P, LIU X, et al. Nickel-rich layered lithium transition-metal oxide for high-energy lithium-ion batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2015, 54(15): 4440-4457.
2	王灿, 马盼, 祝国梁, 等. 锂离子电池长寿命石墨电极研究现状与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 59-67.
	WANG C, MA P, ZHU G L, et al. LIB long life graphite electrode:State-of-art development and perspective[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 59-67.
3	XIAO B, SUN X. Surface and subsurface reactions of lithium transition metal oxide cathode materials: An overview of the fundamental origins and remedying approaches[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(29): 1802057.
4	尹涛, 郑莉莉, 贾隆舟, 等. 锂离子电池浮充电研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 310-318.
	YIN T, ZHENG L L, JIA L Z, et al. Overview of research on float charging for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 310-318.
5	闫雅婧. 锂离子电池用固态电解质的研究现状与展望[J]. 无机盐工业, 2020, 52(7): 22-25.
	YAN Y J. Research status and prospect of solid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(7): 22-25.
6	LI J Q, SUN D N, JIN X, et al. Lithium-ion battery overcharging thermal characteristics analysis and an impedance-based electro-thermal coupled model simulation[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 254: 113574.1-113574.12.
7	XU P P, LI J Q, LEI N, et al. An experimental study on the mechanical characteristics of li-ion battery during overcharge-induced thermal runaway[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, 45(14): doi: 10.1002/er.7072.
8	AURBACH D, MARKOVSKY B, WEISSMAN I, et al. On the correlation between surface chemistry and performance of graphite negative electrodes for Li ion batteries[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1999, 45(1/2): 67-86.
9	MUKHOPADHYAY A, SHELDON B W. Deformation and stress in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2014, 63(6): 58-116.
10	CANNARELLA J, ARNOLD C B. State of health and charge measurements in lithium-ion batteries using mechanical stress[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 269(10): 7-14.
11	GALUSHKIN N Е, YAZVINSKAYA, GALUSHKIN D. Mechanism of gases generation during lithium-ion batteries cycling[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2019, 166(6): A897-A908.
12	梁浩斌, 杜建华, 郝鑫, 等. 锂电池膨胀形成机制研究现状[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 647-657.
	LIANG H B, DU J H, H X, et al. A review of current research on the formation mechanism of lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 647-657.
13	LOULI A J, ELLIS L D, DAHN J R. Operando pressure measurements reveal solid electrolyte interphase growth to rank Li-ion cell performance[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(3): 745-761.
14	徐成善, 卢兰光, 欧阳明高, 等. 车用动力电池“呼吸效应”的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2018, 40(12): 41-62.
	XU C S, LU L G, OUYANG M G, et al. A study on' breathing effect'of traction batteries for electric vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2018, 40(12): 41-62.
15	LOULI A J, ELLIS L D, DAHN J R. Operando pressure measurements reveal solid electrolyte interphase growth to rank Li-ion cell performance[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(3): 745-761.
16	FU R, MENG X, CHOE S Y. Modeling, validation and analysis of mechanical stress generation and dimension changes of a pouch type high power Li-ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 224(15): 211-224.
17	OH K Y, SIEGEL J B, SECONDO L, et al. Rate dependence of swelling in lithium-ion cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 267:197-202.
18	LI R, REN D, GUO D, et al. Volume deformation of large-format lithium ion batteries under different degradation paths[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2019, 166(16): A4106-A4114.
19	BAUER M, WACHTLER M, STOEWE H, et al. Understanding the dilation and dilation relaxation behavior of graphite-based lithium-ion cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 317(15): 93-102.
20	DAHN J R. Phase diagram of LixC₆[J]. Physical Review B, Condensed Matter, 1991, 44(17): 9170-9177.
21	BILLAUD D, LELAURAIN M, WILLMANN P, et al. Revisited structures of dense and dilute stage ii lithium-graphite intercalation compounds[J]. Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids, 1996, 57(6/7/8): 775-781.
22	OHZUKU T, MATOBA N, SAWAI K. Direct evidence on anomalous swelling of graphite-negative electrodes on first charge by dilatometry[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, s97/98(7): 73-77.

项目	参数
正极	镍钴锰三元
负极	石墨
充/放电截止电压/V	4.2/2.8
额定容量/Ah	150
尺寸/mm	280×100×28
重量/g	2051

充电倍率/℃	充电末端膨胀力/N	静置至25 ℃时膨胀力/N	充电末端容量/Ah	平均膨胀力变化速率/(N/Ah)
0.05	4214.0	4214.0	153.9	27.4
0.33	5145.0	4957.8	152.7	32.5
1	5301.8	5135.2	154.4	33.3

Stage	2H	1L	4L	3L	2L	2	1
x	0	<0.04	约1/6	约2/9	约1/3	约1/2	1
d/Å	3.36	N/A	3.44	3.47	N/A	3.52	3.70

[1]	Shunmin YI, Linbo XIE, Li PENG. Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on VF-DW-DFN [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2305-2315.
[2]	Qingwei ZHU, Xiaoli YU, Qichao WU, Yidan XU, Fenfang CHEN, Rui HUANG. Semi-empirical degradation model of lithium-ion battery with high energy density [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2324-2331.
[3]	Yuzuo WANG, Jin WANG, Yinli LU, Dianbo RUAN. Study on the effects of pore structure on lithium-storage performances for soft carbon [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2023-2029.
[4]	Wei KONG, Jingtao JIN, Xipo LU, Yang SUN. Study on cooling performance of lithium ion batteries with symmetrical serpentine channel [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2258-2265.
[5]	YAN Qiaoyi, WU Feng, CHEN Renjie, LI Li. Recovery and resource recycling of graphite anode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1760-1771.
[6]	WANG Can, MA Pan, ZHU Guoliang, WEI Shuimiao, YANG Zhilu, ZHANG Zhiyu. Effect of lithium acrylic-coated nature graphite on its electrochemical properties [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1706-1714.
[7]	LIU Hangxin, CHEN Xiantao, SUN Qiang, ZHAO Chenxi. Cycle performance characteristics of soft pack lithium-ion batteries under vacuum environment [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1806-1815.
[8]	WANG Yuzuo, DENG Miao, WANG Jin, YANG Bin, LU Yinli, JIN Ge, RUAN Dianbo. Study on the effects of carbonization temperature on lithium-storage kinetics for soft carbon [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1715-1724.
[9]	YU Chunhui, HE Ziying, ZHANG Chenxi, LIN Xianqing, XIAO Zhexi, WEI Fei. The analyses and suppressing strategies of silicon anode with the electrolyte [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1749-1759.
[10]	Jun WANG, Lin RUAN, Yanliang QIU. Research progress on rapid heating methods for lithium-ion battery in low-temperature [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1563-1574.
[11]	Guangyu CHENG, Xinwei LIU, Yueni MEI, Honghui GU, Cheng YANG, Ke WANG. Capacity fading analysis of lithium-ion battery after high temperature storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1339-1349.
[12]	Yanwen DAI, Aiqing YU. Combined CNN-LSTM and GRU based health feature parameters for lithium-ion batteries SOH estimation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1641-1649.
[13]	Qiaomin KE, Jian GUO, Yiwei WANG, Wenjiong CAO, Man CHEN, Fangming JIANG. The effect of liquid-cooled thermal management on thermal runaway of power battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1634-1640.
[14]	Zhenkai HU, Bo LEI, Yongqi LI, Youjie SHI, Qikai LEI, Zhipeng HE. Comparative study on safety test and evaluation methods of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1650-1656.
[15]	Chunlin YU, Xudong CHEN, Toshio MIYAGAWA, Hui SUN, Xingwang ZHANG, Lige TONG. Precursor with special structure for improving the performance of the ternary cathode material of Li-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 1000-1007.