Research on battery sorting technology for echelon utilization based on multifrequency impedance

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0333

Abstract

Abstract:

Retired batteries must be resorted before echelon utilization, enabling them to meet the requirements of application scenarios for battery performance. The high cost of battery sorting for echelon utilization has become a technical bottleneck limiting its large-scale application. To reduce the cost of sorting and improving the technical and economic efficiency of battery echelon utilization, this study first studies the AC impedance characteristics of echelon-utilization batteries in different states, extracts characteristic frequency points to characterize battery states, and establishes a multifrequency point-based state of health (SOH) evaluation model for echelon utilization. Then, for developing a new model for echelon-utilization batteries, the model is optimized by testing the AC impedance and SOH data of a small number of samples. Finally, the open circuit voltage, multifrequency impedance, and estimated capacity were used as parameters for echelon-utilization battery sorting and compared with traditional sorting methods. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the optimized model in evaluating the SOH of the new battery model is within 3% and the MAPE is 1.93%, i.e., there is a significant reduction in the evaluation error compared to the unoptimized model. The cycling performance of battery pack sorting using this method is very close to that of traditional methods, which verifies the effectiveness of this sorting method. Moreover, this method can considerably shorten the sorting time of echelon-utilization batteries and has good engineering application value.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, echelon utilization, AC impedance spectroscopy, sorting technology

CLC Number:

TM 912

Maosong FAN, Mengmeng GENG, Guangjin ZHAO, Kai YANG, Fangfang WANG, Hao LIU. Research on battery sorting technology for echelon utilization based on multifrequency impedance[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2202-2210.

Figures/Tables 12

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参数类型	参数值
电池型号	FC2P1
电池体系	磷酸铁锂/石墨
额定容量	22 Ah
额定电压	3.2 V
电池质量	(550±15) g
退役时容量	17.5～18.5 Ah
退役时内阻	2.5～3.5 mΩ
充电截止电压	3.65 V
放电截止电压	2.5 V

电池编号	初始容量/Ah	充放电深度	循环次数	容量保持率/%
1#	18.131	20%DOD	10000	91.33
2#	18.181	20%DOD	10000	91.47
3#	18.209	50%DOD	4000	89.69
4#	18.190	50%DOD	4000	90.66
5#	18.147	80%DOD	2500	88.80
6#	18.161	80%DOD	2500	89.90
7#	18.015	100%DOD	2000	87.83
8#	18.010	100%DOD	2000	87.50

本工作分选方法		常规分选方法
分选参量	阈值	分选参量	阈值
开路电压	≤30 mV	开路电压	≤30 mV
特征频点阻抗值	偏差≤10%	1000 Hz内阻	偏差≤10%
估算容量	偏差≤5%	实测容量	偏差≤5%

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