Experimental and simulation research on liquid-cooling system of lithium-ion battery packs

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0152

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to design a new liquid-cooling heat management system for lithium-ion battery packs. We have established a special experimental platform and a liquid-cooling system model coupled with an EV dynamic model to determine the optimal matching parameters for the components and the operational control strategies of the system. The results indicate that the deviation between experiment and simulation is within 3.0% under normal conditions. A higher flow rate and lower inlet temperature results in a lower battery temperature, while delaying the cooling intervention can reduce power consumption by around 20%. To further reduce the power consumption to 2750 W and maintain a battery temperature of 30.83 ℃ during normal 1.0 C discharge, we conducted a multiobjective optimization using the response surface method combined with genetic algorithm Ⅱ. Additionally, this optimization demonstrates a well-balanced solution between battery temperature and power consumption during the drive cycle. By combining the results of the experiment and simulation, this work provides valuable insights for designing an excellent liquid-cooling system for lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, liquid-cooling system, coupled with EV dynamic model, one-dimensional numerical analysis, multi-objective optimization

CLC Number:

TM 911

Shuqin LIU, Xiaoyan WANG, Zhendong ZHANG, Zhenxia DUAN. Experimental and simulation research on liquid-cooling system of lithium-ion battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2155-2165.

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部件	型号	参数	功能描述
板式换热器	EATB23-D-24	尺寸: 24通道, 315 mm×77 mm 通道体积: 0.031 L 设计压力: 4.5 MPa 设计温度: -180～200 ℃ 热交换功率r: 2～30 kW	低温端与恒温浴槽连接，高温端与液冷板连接
恒温浴槽	SC1030	尺寸: 420 mm×330 mm×230 mm 设计温度: -10～100 ℃ 精确度: ±0.05 ℃ 流量: 0～13 L/min	模拟汽车空调系统通过冷却液与液冷式电池热管理系统进行热交换
泵	Gospel PWM/DA	尺寸: 110 mm×100 mm×70 mm 工作电压: 24 V 流量: 0～25 L/min 最大扬程: 15 m 设计温度: 0～110 ℃	提供不同流量的冷却液
压力和温度传感器	PT/PM100	螺纹尺寸: M20 mm×1.5 mm 量程: -40～120 ℃/0～2 MPa 精确度: ±2% 输出信号: 4～20 mA 工作电压: 24 V	测量冷却液的压力与温度
稳压电源	DPS3010D	输入电压: (220±10%) V 输出电压: 0～30 V 输出电流: 0～5 A 输出功率: 0～150 W 显示误差: ±0.1%	供电至系统用电部件
流量计	FHKU-938-6300	测量范围: 3～30 L/min 精确度: ±2% 设计温度: -10～100 ℃ 设计压力: 0～20 bar (1 bar=0.1 MPa) 输出信号: 4～20 mA 信号类型: 方波信号	测量冷却液流量
水箱	Cruze 1.8	容量: 1.8 L	储存与补偿冷却液
数据采集卡	NI USB-6212	输入频率: 400 kS/s 输出频率: 250 kS/s 电压范围: 0～150 V 时间分辨率: 50 ns	采集电池的温度数据

参数	数值	参数	数值
电池容量/Ah	55.0	电池工作电压/V	3.6
电池尺寸/mm	300×100×11.2	车身重量/kg	2000
电池密度/(kg/m³)	2550	最大制动扭矩/(N·m)	200
电池比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]	1.86T+1102.8	电机最大扭矩/(N·m)	300
电池导热系数 /[W/(m·℃)]	1.32	冷却液密度/(kg/mm³)	1071.11
冷却液比热容 /[J/(kg·℃)]	3300	冷却液导热系数 /[W/(m·℃)]	0.37
冷却液初始温度/℃	25	环境温度/℃	25

变量名称	变量类型	优化目标/取值范围
电池温度	优化目标	最小化(最大不超过32 ℃)
系统功耗	优化目标	最小化
流量	控制变量	1.0×10^-4～6.0×10^-4 kg/s
冷却液入口温度	控制变量	17～25 ℃

簇编号	流量/(kg/s)	冷却液入口温度/℃	系统功耗/W	电池温度/℃
0	0.000268	17.00	3739	29.12
1	0.000248	17.05	3382	29.75
2	0.000343	17.00	4665	27.55
3	0.000201	17.01	2750	30.83
4	0.000451	17.01	5735	25.77

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