全钒液流电池提高电解液浓度的研究与应用现状

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0329

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (11): 3439-3446.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0329

全钒液流电池提高电解液浓度的研究与应用现状

朱兆武¹^,²(), 张旭堃¹^,²^,³, 苏慧¹^,², 张健¹^,², 王丽娜¹^,²()

^1.中国科学院过程工程研究所，战略金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心，北京 100190
^2.中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室，北京 100190
^3.中国科学院大学化工学院，北京 101408

收稿日期:2022-06-15 修回日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-11-09
通讯作者: 王丽娜 E-mail:zhwzhu@ipe.ac.cn;linawang@ipe.ac.cn
作者简介:朱兆武（1966—），男，博士，研究员，研究方向为湿法冶金先进分离技术，E-mail：zhwzhu@ipe.ac.cn；
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金面上项目(2202053)

Research and application of increasing electrolyte concentration in all vanadium redox flow battery

Zhaowu ZHU¹^,²(), Xukun ZHANG¹^,²^,³, Hui SU¹^,², Jian ZHANG¹^,², Lina WANG¹^,²()

^1.Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Beijing 100190, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
^3.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

Received:2022-06-15 Revised:2022-07-04 Online:2022-11-05 Published:2022-11-09
Contact: Lina WANG E-mail:zhwzhu@ipe.ac.cn;linawang@ipe.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全钒液流电池电解液为单一钒元素各价态离子的电解质溶液，避免了不同元素离子通过膜渗透产生的交叉污染，电池循环次数高，使用寿命长。全钒液流电池非常适合电站削峰填谷、新能源发电储能和偏远地区供电等。但受钒离子溶解度的限制，全钒液流电池电解液浓度相对较低，导致电池能量密度较低、电解液储罐体积大，钒电池更适用于静态储能系统，而较难应用于电动汽车、电子产品等领域，而电解液成本高也限制了其大规模商业化应用。本工作基于各价态钒离子在不同酸度和温度条件下在传统H₂SO₄溶液中的溶解性能，总结了通过引入添加剂、改变支撑电解质和构建混合相电解液以提高钒电解液浓度和稳定性的方法及研究现状，介绍了不同种类添加剂在高温下稳定V(V)的作用机理，不同酸作为支撑电解质对V的溶解性及电解液电化学性能的影响，以及混合相电解液对于稳定电解液的内在机制。重点分析了最近研究报道的新型高浓度钒电解液，展望了大幅提高钒电解液浓度的可行性及研发方向。综合分析表明，改变传统H₂SO₄支撑电解质，如HCl/H₂SO₄等体系的开发，是大幅提高钒电解液浓度、增大电池能量密度比较有前景的研发方向。

关键词: 全钒液流电池, 钒电解液, 高浓度, 稳定性, 储能

Abstract:

The electrolyte of all Vanadium Redox Flow batteries (VRFB) is the solution of a single vanadium element with various valences, which avoids the cross-contamination caused by the penetration of numerous element ions through the membrane. The battery has high cycle times and long service life. VRFB is suitable for peak shaving and valley filling in power stations, new energy power generation and storage, and power supply in remote areas. However, because of the restriction of vanadium ion solubility, the electrolyte concentration of all vanadium flow batteries is relatively low, leading to low battery energy density and large electrolyte storage tank volume. Vanadium battery is more suitable for static energy storage systems, and it is challenging to be used in electric vehicles and electronic products. The electrolyte's high cost also restricts its large-scale commercial application. The study summarizes the approaches and research status of enhancing the concentration and the stability of vanadium electrolytes by introducing various additives, changing supporting electrolytes, and constructing mixed-phase electrolytes based on the solubility of vanadium ions in conventional H₂SO₄ solutions at different acidity and temperature. The mechanism of various additives stabilizing V(V) at high temperatures, the impacts of various acid-supported electrolytes on the solubility of V, the electrochemical properties of the electrolyte, and the internal mechanism of mixed-phase electrolyte for stabilizing the electrolyte are introduced. The possibility and R&D direction of significantly increasing the concentration of vanadium electrolyte prospects is extensively examined as well as the new type of high-concentration vanadium electrolyte reported in a recent study. The comprehensive analysis demonstrates, as a promising study and development direction to significantly enhance the concentration of vanadium electrolyte and increase the energy density of the battery, the changing of conventional H₂SO₄ supporting electrolytes, including the development of HCl/H₂SO_4.

Key words: all vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), vanadium electrolyte, high concentration, stability, energy storage

中图分类号:

TM 911

朱兆武, 张旭堃, 苏慧, 张健, 王丽娜. 全钒液流电池提高电解液浓度的研究与应用现状[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3439-3446.

Zhaowu ZHU, Xukun ZHANG, Hui SU, Jian ZHANG, Lina WANG. Research and application of increasing electrolyte concentration in all vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3439-3446.

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全钒液流电池提高电解液浓度的研究与应用现状

Research and application of increasing electrolyte concentration in all vanadium redox flow battery

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