用于锂电池监测的声学和光学传感技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0807

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂电池技术的快速发展使其成为了应用最广泛的电化学储能器件。然而电池性能提升的同时也带来了日益凸显的安全问题，需要开发先进的监测传感技术获取电池内部的物理、化学信息，以更好地理解电池的内在物理化学机制并评估电池状态。基于此，本文首先介绍了电池无损监测技术的发展历史，并重点介绍了基于声学和光学的电池无损检测技术。声学传感技术只需在电池外部布设声学探头，即可获得其内部结构变化、产气等信息，是一种理想的无损监测方式。光学传感凭借其传感器体积小、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰等优势，可以植入到电池内部，获取电池全生命周期内部热学、力学、化学等多种传感信息。通过这些先进的传感技术，能够最大限度地评估和预测电池的健康状态、工况可靠性、剩余寿命和安全性。最后本文讨论了下一代智能电池开发应用面临的机遇与挑战。

关键词: 电池监测, 光学传感, 声学传感, 锂离子电池

Abstract:

The rapid development of lithium batteries has made them the most widely used electrochemical energy storage devices. While improving battery performance, it has also increased safety issues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop advanced monitoring and sensing technologies to obtain internal physical and chemical information about batteries, which can contribute to a deep understanding of the intrinsic physicochemical mechanisms and enable the evaluation of battery states. This study introduced the development history of battery nondestructive monitoring technologies and emphasized the nondestructive monitoring technology of batteries based on acoustic and optical principles, along with its application examples. Acoustic sensing technology provides an ideal nondestructive monitoring approach by deploying acoustic probes outside batteries to gather information on internal structural changes and gas production, without the requirement for invasive measures. Owing to advantages, such as small size, corrosion resistance, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, optical sensors can be implanted into batteries to acquire information on internal thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical data throughout the entire lifecycle. These advanced acoustic and optical sensing technologies make the evaluation and prediction of the battery's health status, operational reliability, remaining life, and safety possible. Finally, this study elaborates on the opportunities and challenges faced in developing and applying the next generation of smart batteries.

Key words: battery monitoring, optical sensing, acoustic sensing, lithium-ion batteries

中图分类号:

TM 911

张怡, 葛筱渔, 李真, 黄云辉. 用于锂电池监测的声学和光学传感技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 167-177.

Yi ZHANG, Xiaoyu GE, Zhen LI, Yunhui HUANG. Progress on acoustic and optical sensing technologies for lithium rechargeable batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 167-177.

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技术名称	声发射	超声检测
检测原理	检测材料内部结构发生变化时产生的声波辐射信号	检测超声波与材料发生交互作用后的声波信号
声波频率	全频率波段(通常为20 kHz～1 MHz)	通常为0.1～15 MHz
信号参数指标	峰值频率及强度	飞行时间及峰值强度
检测设备	1个声学探头	2个声学探头
检测方式	被动检测	主动检测

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