面向高比能固态电池的聚合物基电解质固化技术

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0848

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚合物基电解质是最具应用前景的固体电解质，它可以在很大程度上缓解甚至解决二次电池中电解液的泄漏、挥发、燃烧和爆炸等潜在安全问题。但是，聚合物基电解质的制备涉及到从液体到固体的固化过程，通常存在工艺烦琐、排放高、厚度难以控制等问题。特别是在规模化生产高比能固态电池过程中，电解质的界面相容性、均匀性、厚度及制备/加工便利性十分重要，这些因素对聚合物基电解质的固化工艺来说是一个较大的挑战。基于此，本文全面总结了聚合物基电解质制备的非原位固化和原位固化两种固化工艺的具体方法，并通过实例重点阐述了固化工艺、固化机理、材料选择、固化工艺优缺点及其在锂二次电池中的应用和研究进展。最后，我们评估并展望了面向高比能固态电池的聚合物基电解质固化的关键材料选择、关键科学及工艺问题、普适性、规模化应用挑战和未来发展趋势。本综述有助于深入理解面向高比能固态电池的聚合物基电解质的固化工艺，有望促进聚合物基电解质及其固态电池的规模化生产和应用。

关键词: 聚合物基电解质, 原位固化技术, 非原位固化技术, 固态电池, 材料选择

Abstract:

Polymer electrolytes are the most promising electrolytes, to alleviate or even solve safety problems such as leakage, volatilization, combustion, and explosion of commercial liquid electrolytes in rechargeable batteries. However, the preparation of polymer electrolytes involves solidification of liquid to solid, which involves tedious technological operations, high emissions, and uncontrollable electrolyte thickness. The interfacial compatibility, uniformity, thickness, and preparation/processing convenience of polymer electrolytes are important for energy-density solid-state batteries, which are challenges for solidification technologies. Here, the ex-situ and in-situ solidification methods of polymer-based electrolytes are summarized. The process, mechanism, material selection, advantages, disadvantage, and the application of solidification technologies are elaborated with some specific samples. Finally, material selection, key scientific and technological issues, universality, practical application challenges, and development direction of solidification technologies for energy-density solid-state batteries are evaluated, and a perspective is provided. This review is helpful to further understand the solidification technologies associated with a polymer-based electrolyte in energy-density solid-state batteries. Further, the review is expected to promote mass production of polymer-based electrolytes and widespread deployment of solid-state batteries.

Key words: polymer-based electrolytes, in-situ solidification methods, ex-situ solidification methods, solid-state batteries, materials selection

中图分类号:

TM 911

李卓, 郭新. 面向高比能固态电池的聚合物基电解质固化技术[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 212-230.

Zhuo LI, Xin GUO. Solidification of polymer-based electrolytes for energy-density solid-state batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 212-230.

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