锂离子电池快充石墨负极材料研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0777

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) currently dominate the electric vehicle and energy-storage sectors. However, conventional LIBs using graphite anode materials suffer from slow lithium diffusion dynamics and Li metal plating, particularly under fast-charging conditions. These limitations hinder our ability to meet the growing demand for fast-charging and discharging applications. In this review, we analyze the main challenges associated with fast-charging graphite anode materials, including their intrinsic layered structure and large concentration polarization. Furthermore, we summarize the methods developed to improve the fast-charging performance of graphite anodes through structural design, chemical modification, and surface coating strategies. The mechanisms of high ion electron diffusion and low interface resistance in fast-charging graphite anode materials have been emphasized. Finally, the current issues and possible future research directions in this field are discussed. Based on previous studies, we propose that hard-carbon-coated microcrystalline graphite is a promising anode material for high-power and high-energy-density LIBs.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, graphite anode, modification strategies, fast-charging, power performance

中图分类号:

TM 912

廖雅贇, 周峰, 张颖曦, 吕途安, 何阳, 陈晓燕, 霍开富. 锂离子电池快充石墨负极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 130-142.

Yayun LIAO, Feng ZHOU, Yingxi ZHANG, Tu'an LV, Yang HE, Xiaoyan CHEN, Kaifu HUO. Research progress on fast-charging graphite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 130-142.

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改性策略	具体措施	比容量/(mAh/g)	容量保持率	引用
结构设计	利用过氧化氢获得微膨胀层状球形石墨	188 (1 C)	—	[37]
	采用热剥离制备开放式/半开放式孔结构的膨胀石墨	112 (3 A/g)	500次循环后93 % (1 A/g)	[38]
	酸氧化和KOH蚀刻石墨	240 (0.6 A/g)	1000次循环后96 % (1 A/g)	[39]
	利用中间相沥青制备多孔石墨泡沫(GFms)	345.3 (30 C)	50次循环后90.12% (1 C)	[40]
	KOH腐蚀获得具有纳米级孔隙结构的石墨	—	100次循环后96.7% (2.5 C)	[41]
	空气氧化制备多通道石墨	—	3000次循环后85% (6 C)	[42]
	带通孔的石墨片和CNTs组成的复合电极	220 (8 C)	500次循环后90% (4 C)	[43]
	KOH高温蚀刻制备多通道结构石墨	125 (1 C)	100次循环后74% (6 C)	[44]
	具有活化边缘的石墨	150.3 (10 C)	700次循环后96.05% (5 C)	[45]
	施加磁场制备垂直排列的石墨负极	90 (2 C)	—	[46]
	采用激光测绘制备具有垂直多孔通道的3D石墨负极	—	600次循环后86% (6 C)	[47]
	在石墨表面生长垂直石墨烯薄片	105.4 (5 C)	—	[48]

改性策略	具体措施	比容量/(mAh/g)	容量保持率	引用
化学修饰	Si/边缘活化石墨复合电极	525 (3 C)	50次循环后99.3% (3 C)	[56]
	硼酸球磨石墨	330 (5 C)	—	[51]
	聚四氟乙烯改性石墨	318 (0.186 A/g)	60次循环后98.2% (0.1 C)	[52]
	N掺杂的空心结构石墨	305 (1 A/g)	500次循环后98% (1 A/g)	[53]
	氯化钾与石墨混合制备掺K石墨	269.7 (1 C)	—	[57]
	石墨浆料中加入LNO制备掺F石墨	291.7 (0.68 A/g)	200次循环后85.7% (0.34 A/g)	[58]
	利用H₃PO₄和H₃BO₃制备掺P、掺B石墨	—	掺P，掺B>95% (5 C/0.2 C)	[59]

改性策略	具体措施	比容量/(mAh/g)	容量保持率	引用
表面包覆	纳米级涡轮层状碳包覆石墨	—	300次循环后87% (0.17 A/g)	[64]
	沥青包覆石墨	298 (5 C)	83% (5 C/0.1 C)	[65]
	TiO_2-_x @石墨	345.2 (10 C)	98.2% (5 C/0.2 C)	[66]
	Al₂O₃包覆石墨	327.7 (4 A/g)	100次循环后97.2% (4 A/g)	[67]
	MoO _x -MoP _x /石墨	143.3 (6 C)	100次循环后86% (6 C)	[68]
	SM包覆石墨	—	100次循环后72% (30 C)	[69]
	PVDF包覆石墨	—	200次循环后96.3% (0.5 C)	[70]

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