储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 1150-1159.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0839

• 储能新锐科学家专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种锂离子电池组智能PID双层主动均衡控制方法

武小兰1(), 马彭杰1, 白志峰1(), 刘成龙1, 郭桂芳2, 张锦华1   

  1. 1.西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院，陕西 西安 710055
    2.西藏民族大学信息工程学院，陕西 咸阳 712082
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2024-10-24 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2025-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 白志峰 E-mail:wuxiaolan@xauat.edu.cn;zhifeng.bai@xauat.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:武小兰（1975—），女，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为新能源汽车，E-mail：wuxiaolan@xauat.edu.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-178);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(XZ202301YD0003C)

A kind of intelligent PID double-layer active balancing control method for lithium-ion battery pack

Xiaolan WU1(), Pengjie MA1, Zhifeng BAI1(), Chenglong LIU1, Guifang GUO2, Jinhua ZHANG1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
    2.School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2024-10-24 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2025-04-28
  • Contact: Zhifeng BAI E-mail:wuxiaolan@xauat.edu.cn;zhifeng.bai@xauat.edu.cn

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摘要：

针对电池组的性能和寿命会因单体电池荷电状态的不一致而显著降低的问题，提出了一种基于智能PID控制的锂离子电池组双层主动均衡控制方法。该方法提出了一种电池组双层均衡拓扑，组内采用扩展性好的Buck-Boost电路，组间采用均衡效率高的反激变压器。在此基础上，提出采用贝叶斯算法优化的PID控制器来控制输出可变占空比进而控制均衡电流来实现电池组内、组间均衡。仿真结果表明，针对初始SOC差异设置在4%～55%的情况，对比基于Buck-Boost电路的传统均衡，静置模式和充电模式下均衡时间分别减少了503 s、515 s，均衡效率分别提高了65.7%、66.5%，静置模式下能量转移效率提高了4.4%。实验结果表明，均衡电流小于1.5 A的条件下，本文提出的均衡方法在1110 s时实现了均衡，相较于模糊PID算法均衡时间缩短了616 s，证明了所提出均衡控制方法的先进性。

关键词: 锂离子电池, PID控制, 贝叶斯优化, 双层均衡拓扑, Buck-Boost电路

Abstract:

To address the reduction in performance and lifespan of a battery pack caused by inconsistencies in the state of charge of individual cells, this paper proposes a double-layer active balancing control method for a lithium-ion battery pack based on intelligent PID control. The method employs a double-layer equalization topology, using a Buck-Boost circuit with good scalability within groups and a flyback transformer with high equalization efficiency between groups. A PID controller optimized by a Bayesian algorithm controls the output variable duty cycle and regulates the balancing current to achieve both intra-pack and inter-group balancing. Simulation results show that, compared with traditional equalization based on a Buck-Boost circuit, the equalization time in static and charging modes is reduced by 503 s and 515 s, respectively; equalization efficiency is increased by 65.7% and 66.5%, respectively; and energy transfer efficiency in static mode is improved by 4.4%. Experimental results indicate that when the equalization current is less than 1.5 A, the proposed method achieves equalization in 1110 seconds, a reduction of 616 seconds compared with the fuzzy PID algorithm, thereby demonstrating its superiority.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, PID control, Bayesian optimization, double-layer equalization topology, Buck-Boost circuit

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