考虑多种应用场景的锂离子电池多阶优化充电策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0707

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池因其良好的性能，广泛应用于电动汽车等领域中。具有良好充电性能的充电策略对于锂离子电池至关重要，且锂离子电池的充电方法一直制约着电动汽车的大规模应用。为此，本工作提出了一种考虑多种应用场景的锂离子电池优化充电策略。首先建立了锂离子电池的电模型、热模型和老化模型用于模拟充电过程与采集数据，之后根据电池内阻变化曲线制定SMCC充电策略，建立关于充电速度和SOH衰减的目标函数并利用改进的蝙蝠算法对SMCC电流进行优化，得到不同加权系数下的优化充电策略。根据不同的电池应用场景，提出了利用帕累托前沿得到的均衡SMCC充电策略以及快速充电SMCC充电策略和提高循环次数SMCC策略。最后，将提出的三种优化充电策略与CC-CV策略进行比较分析，证明提出的优化充电策略能够更好地适应其对应的应用场景，并且能够缩短锂离子电池充电时间和减小SOH衰减。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 多应用场景, SMCC策略, 均衡充电策略

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles and other applications due to their excellent performance. A charging strategy offering good charging performance is crucial for lithium-ion batteries. However, the limitations of conventional charging methods pose challenges to their large-scale adoption in electric vehicles. Therefore, we propose an optimal charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries considering various application scenarios. First, we establish the electric, thermal, and aging models of lithium-ion batteries to simulate the charging process and collect data. Then, the state-of-charge based multistage constant current (SMCC) charging strategy is developed based on the battery internal resistance profile of the battery. An objective function incorporating charging speed and state-of-health (SOH) attenuation is established, and the improved Bat Algorithm is used to optimize the SMCC current. The resulting optimal charging strategy was derived under varying weighting coefficients. For specific battery application scenarios, we proposed a balanced SMCC charging strategy based on Pareto frontier, a fast-charging SMCC charging strategy aimed at increasing cycle times. Finally, the three proposed optimal charging strategies are compared with constant current-constant voltage method. Furthermore, we proved that the proposed optimal charging strategies can better adapt to their corresponding application scenarios, shorten the charging time of lithium-ion batteries, and reduce SOH attenuation.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, multiple application scenarios, SMCC strategy, balanced charging strategy

中图分类号:

TM 912

段双明, 夏馗峰, 朱微. 考虑多种应用场景的锂离子电池多阶优化充电策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(2): 779-790.

Shuangming DUAN, Kuifeng XIA, Wei ZHU. Multi-stage optimization charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries considering diverse application scenarios[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(2): 779-790.

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电池参数	规格(值)
型号	INR18650-20R
额定容量	2000 mAh
电极材料	镍钴锰酸锂/石墨
重量	45 g
初始SOC	10%
环境温度	25 ℃
充电截止电压	4.2 V

参数	数值
U_k	[2.5 V, 4.2 V]
I	[0, 4 A]
SOC	[10%, 100%]
t	[0, 24000]
T	[25 ℃, 50 ℃]
SOH	[80%, 100%]
T_amb	25 ℃

充电策略	充电时间/s	电池最大温升/℃	SOH衰减/%	能量损失/J	循环寿命/次
2C-CCCV	2065	46.1	0.01185	2380.0	843
快速充电	2061	46.0	0.007331	2302.0	1364
最大充电速度	1951	46.1	0.007573	2373.0	1320
均衡充电策略	5568	29.7	0.005696	1043.0	1755
VMCC策略	5901	28.0	0.006736	1054.4	1484
0.5C-CCCV	6645	27.1	0.006222	834.2	1607
提高循环寿命	11755	26.1	0.005409	513.6	1848
0.15C-CCCV	21661	25.2	0.005883	262.0	1699
最大循环寿命	23172	25.3	0.005385	265.2	1866

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