利用ORC-VCR回收压缩热的预冷式CAES系统性能分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0574

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 611-622.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0574

利用ORC-VCR回收压缩热的预冷式CAES系统性能分析

张留淦¹^,²(), 周颖驰³, 孙文兵³, 叶楷², 陈龙祥²^,⁴()

^1.福建农林大学机电工程学院，福建福州 350002
^2.中国科学院海西研究院泉州装备制造研究中心，福建泉州 362200
^3.福建省鸿山热电有限责任公司，福建泉州 362700
^4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-08-24 修回日期:2023-08-31 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-03-01
通讯作者: 陈龙祥 E-mail:zhanglg0921@163.com;chenlx@fjirsm.ac.cn
作者简介:张留淦（1999—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事压缩空气储能系统优化研究，E-mail：zhanglg0921@163.com；
基金资助:
福建省科技计划项目(2021H0045);泉州市科技计划项目(2022C019R)

Performance of precooled CAES system using ORC-VCR to recover compression heat

Liugan ZHANG¹^,²(), Yingchi ZHOU³, Wenbing SUN³, Kai YE², Longxiang CHEN²^,⁴()

^1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
^2.Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou 362200, Fujian, China
^3.Fujian Hongshan thermal power Co. , LTD, Quanzhou 362700, Fujian, China
^4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-08-24 Revised:2023-08-31 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-03-01
Contact: Longxiang CHEN E-mail:zhanglg0921@163.com;chenlx@fjirsm.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

常规非绝热压缩空气储能（D-CAES）系统的储能过程通常采用四级以上的压缩机组以减少空气压缩功的消耗，导致产生大量的低品位压缩热直接排放到环境中，能源浪费严重。针对这一问题，本工作提出了一种采用有机朗肯循环-蒸汽压缩制冷（ORC-VCR）回收压缩热的预冷式CAES系统（ORC-VCR-CAES），通过回收空气压缩阶段压缩机产生的压缩热来对压缩机入口空气进行预冷，可以进一步降低空气压缩功的消耗，提高系统的循环效率。对ORC-VCR-CAES耦合系统进行了热力学分析和经济性分析。结果表明，不同ORC-VCR循环工质对系统性能的影响较大，采用R152a作为循环工质的ORC-VCR-CAES系统综合性能最佳。其系统循环效率可达64.15%，比常规D-CAES系统提高了5.94%；在考虑外部废热能量输入时，ORC-VCR-CAES系统?效率为51.90%，比常规D-CAES系统提高了4.81%。通过压缩热的回收有效减少了冷却器的?损失，但压缩机组的?损失仍然较大，是系统进一步优化的关键部件；经济性分析表明，当峰谷电价为1.26元和0.30元时，ORC-VCR-CAES系统的项目净现值相比于常规D-CAES系统可增加12.48%，且峰谷电价差越小，ORC-VCR-CAES相比于常规D-CAES系统的项目净现值增加百分比越高。

关键词: 压缩空气储能, 有机朗肯循环, 蒸汽压缩制冷, 热力学分析, 经济性分析

Abstract:

The energy storage process in a conventional diabatic compressed air energy storage (D-CAES) system usually uses more than four compressor units to reduce the consumption of air compression work. However, this leads to a substantial discharge of low-grade compression heat into the environment and serious energy waste. To solve this problem, this study proposes a precooled CAES system that uses organic Rankine cycle-steam compression refrigeration (ORC-VCR) for compression heat recovery (ORC-VCR-CAES). In the proposed system, the compressor inlet air is precooled by recovering the compression heat generated during the air compression stage. This approach further reduces the consumption of air compression work and improves the round-trip efficiency of the system. The thermodynamic and economic analysis of the ORC-VCR-CAES coupling system are also performed. Results show that the choice of ORC-VCR cycle working medium considerably influences system performance. The ORC-VCR-CAES system using R152a as a cycle working medium exhibits the best performance, achieving a system cycle efficiency of 64.15%, which is 5.94% higher than that of the conventional D-CAES system. Moreover, considering external waste heat energy input, the ORC-VCR-CAES system attains an energy efficiency of 51.90%, which is 4.81% higher than that of the conventional D-CAES system. Although the energy loss in coolers is effectively reduced through the recovery of compression heat, the energy loss from compressor units is still large, which is a key equipment for further system optimization. Economic analysis shows that with peak and valley electricity prices at 1.26 and 0.30 CNY, the net present value of the ORC-VCR-CAES system increases by 9.64% compared to the conventional D-CAES system. Compared with the conventional D-CAES system, the percentage increase in the net present value of the ORC-VCR-CAES system is higher when the peak and valley electricity price difference is smaller.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, organic Rankine cycle, vapor compression refrigeration, thermodynamic analysis, economic analysis

中图分类号:

TK02

张留淦, 周颖驰, 孙文兵, 叶楷, 陈龙祥. 利用ORC-VCR回收压缩热的预冷式CAES系统性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 611-622.

Liugan ZHANG, Yingchi ZHOU, Wenbing SUN, Kai YE, Longxiang CHEN. Performance of precooled CAES system using ORC-VCR to recover compression heat[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 611-622.

图/表 17

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表5

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表6

图10

表A1

ORC-VCR-CAES系统的设备投资成本估算方法"

设备	计算方法
空气压缩机^[20]	$Z c o m = 7900 W ˙ c o m 0.62$ ，Ẇ_com为空气压缩机功率，kW
空气膨胀机^[20]	$Z e x p = 1100 W ˙ e x p 0.81$ ，Ẇ_exp为空气膨胀机功率，kW
换热器^[20]	$Z h e x = 12000 A h e x 100 0.6$ ， $A h e x = Q ˙ U Δ Τ$ ，A_hex为换热器面积，m²； $Q ˙$ 为热通量，W/K；U为换热系数，W/(m²·K)；∆T为对数平均温差
制冷压缩机^[21]	$Z c o m, v c r = 573 m ˙ 0.8996 - η c o m, v c r p o u t p i n l n p o u t p i n$ ，ṁ为制冷压缩机进口质量流量，kg/s；η_com,vcr为制冷压缩机等熵效率，p_out/p_in为制冷压缩机压比
ORC膨胀机^[22]	$Z e x p, o r c = 1.051 266.3 m ˙ 0.92 - η e x p, o r c l n p o u t p i n 1 + e x p 0.036 T i n - 65.6608$ ，ṁ为ORC膨胀机进口质量流量，kg/s；η_exp,orc为ORC膨胀机等熵效率，p_out/p_in为ORC膨胀机膨胀比，T_in为ORC膨胀机进口温度
ORC泵^[22]	$Z p u m p = 2100 W ˙ p u m p 10 0.26 1 - η p u m p η p u m p 0.5$ ，Ẇ_pump为泵功率，kW；η_pump为泵等熵效率
空气储罐^[20]	$Z t a n k = 2 V t a n k × 112.5$ ，V_tank为空气储罐体积，m³

表A1

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参数	数值
储气室最大压力	7200 kPa
储气室最小压力	4200 kPa
空气压缩机等熵效率^[17]	85%
空气膨胀机等熵效率^[17]	88%
制冷压缩机等熵效率^[14]	80%
ORC膨胀机等熵效率^[14]	80%
泵等熵效率^[14]	80%
储能时间	6 h
释能时间	4 h
预冷器蒸发温度	15 ℃
ORC-VCR循环冷凝温度	35 ℃
换热器压力损失^[9]	1%

工质类型	临界温度/℃	GWP	安全等级	价格/(元/t)
R32	78.11	716	A2L	13 000
R134a	101.06	1370	A1	24 500
R152a	113.26	133	A2	21 000
R600a	134.66	~20	A3	20 000
R125	94.70	4	A2L	35 500
R410A	71.34	2100	A1	23 500

状态点	温度/℃	压力/kPa	焓值/(kJ/kg)	流量/(kg/s)	状态点	温度/℃	压力/kPa	焓值/(kJ/kg)	流量/(kg/s)
1	25.00	101.30	298.45	107.06	1b	30.00	793.85	252.81	102.07
2	25.00	101.30	298.45	107.06	2b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	102.07
3	153.04	302.37	427.71	107.06	3b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	24.91
4	75.00	299.35	348.51	107.06	4b	133.04	4105.27	597.86	24.91
5	45.00	296.36	318.20	107.06	5b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	25.06
6	25.00	293.39	298.01	107.06	6b	133.19	4105.27	598.17	25.06
7	153.19	875.76	427.34	107.06	7b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	25.48
8	75.00	867.00	347.59	107.06	8b	133.59	4105.27	599.00	25.48
9	45.00	858.33	317.09	107.06	9b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	26.62
10	25.00	849.74	296.74	107.06	10b	134.51	4105.27	600.87	26.62
11	153.59	2536.43	426.30	107.06	11b	133.60	4105.27	599.01	102.07
12	75.00	2511.06	345.00	107.06	12b	54.08	793.85	553.62	102.07
13	45.00	2485.95	313.94	107.06	1c	30.00	793.85	252.81	24.32
14	25.00	2461.09	293.13	107.06	2c	15.00	438.59	252.81	24.32
15	154.51	7346.19	423.51	107.06	3c	15.00	438.59	252.81	8.25
16	75.00	7272.73	338.12	107.06	4c	20.00	438.59	522.89	8.25
17	45.00	7200.00	305.47	107.06	5c	15.00	438.59	252.81	8.07
18	25.00	7200.00	283.21	160.58	6c	20.00	438.59	522.89	8.07
19	19.28	4200.00	283.21	160.58	7c	15.00	438.59	252.81	8.00
20	155.00	4158.00	426.42	160.58	8c	20.00	438.59	522.89	8.00
21	-0.96	652.27	270.81	160.58	9c	15.00	438.59	252.81	0.00
22	155.00	645.75	429.40	160.58	10c	20.00	438.59	522.89	0.00
23	0.36	101.30	273.65	160.58	11c	20.00	438.59	522.89	24.32
—	—	—	—	—	12c	49.63	793.85	547.88	24.32

参数	常规D-CAES	ORC-VCR-CAES
压缩机组功率	-57.27 MW	-55.51 MW
ORC-VCR系统功率	+0 MW	+3.55 MW
充电时间	6 h	6 h
膨胀机组功率	+50.00 MW	+50.00 MW
放电时间	4 h	4 h
循环效率	58.21%	64.15%
㶲效率	47.09%	51.90%

项目	数值
系统运行周期/年	30
系统年运行次数	350
贴现率^[16]	5%
系统年度运维成本/万元^[16]	6%投资总成本
高峰电价/(元/kWh)	1.26
低谷电价/(元/kWh)	0.30

利用ORC-VCR回收压缩热的预冷式CAES系统性能分析

Performance of precooled CAES system using ORC-VCR to recover compression heat

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图/表 17

参考文献 22

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Metrics

本文评价

项目	常规D-CAES	ORC-VCR-CAES
系统总成本/万元	19 947	20 346
年度运维成本/万元	1197	1221
年度电力支出/万元	3608	3274
年度电力收入/万元	8135	8135
动态投资回收期/年	730	672
净现值/万元	46 154	51 914

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