基于热泵储电的绝热钙循环卡诺电池系统特性及优化研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0918

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对能源短缺危机和时空分布不均的挑战，本工作结合钙基热化学储能与热泵储电的优势，提出一种新型耦合系统。通过热泵为分解反应供热以高密度储能，水合反应放热驱动发电高效释能，杜绝存储过程能量耗散，实现长时大规模储能。分析操作参数对往返效率的影响，在本工作考察范围内储能过程循环压比增加正向提升往返效率，但过高的压比加大设备负担且边际效用递减。热泵吸热温度和分解反应温度不宜偏离过远，370 ℃、415 ℃时往返效率分别最高，需尽可能降低夹点温度，避免高品位热能降级使用。释能过程提高发电循环压比或使中间级压力接近理想值，可增加循环净功，往返效率升高。更高的水合反应温度、热机吸热温度以及Ca(OH)₂存储温度对往返效率有增益效果，而CaO和H₂O预热温度影响甚微。采用“黑箱”模型和夹点方法，并借助改进的遗传算法优化系统参数。换热网络㶲损得到有效控制，往返效率最高可达65.96%，是一种颇具竞争力的能量存储方式。

关键词: 钙基热化学储能, 热泵储电, 卡诺电池, 参数优化, 往返效率

Abstract:

To tackle energy shortages and their uneven distribution, we propose a novel and advantageous coupled system that integrates Ca-looping thermochemical energy storage and pumped thermal electricity storage. In this system, charging is accomplished by using a heat pump to supply heat for the dehydration process, while discharging leverages the heat generated from hydration to produce electricity. This approach effectively eliminates thermal dissipation losses during storage, enabling long-term, large-scale energy storage. Our analysis highlights the impact of various operating parameters on cycle efficiency. Increasing the cycle pressure ratio during charging positively affects cycle efficiency but also increases a greater burden on the system, leading to diminishing marginal returns. The absorption temperature of the heat pump and dehydration temperature should be closely aligned to optimize performance. Minimizing the pinch temperature is crucial to enhance thermal energy utilization. During discharging, increasing the pressure ratio or aligning the intermediate pressure with the ideal value boosts the net power of the cycle, thereby enhancing cycle efficiency. Higher heat absorption temperatures of the generator and hydration temperatures, along with elevated storage temperatures of Ca(OH)₂, improve outcomes. However, the preheating temperatures of CaO and H₂O have a small impact. We employed the black-box concept, pinch analysis, and an improved genetic algorithm for optimization. This approach effectively controls exergy loss in the heat exchange network, achieving a maximum cycle efficiency of 65.96%. These results demonstrate the system competitiveness as a viable energy storage solution.

Key words: Ca-looping thermochemical energy storage, pumped thermal electricity storage, Carnot battery, parameter optimization, cycle efficiency

中图分类号:

TK 02

丁扬, 王翰文, 陆文杰, 罗元俊, 凌祥. 基于热泵储电的绝热钙循环卡诺电池系统特性及优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(12): 4247-4258.

Yang DING, Hanwen WANG, Wenjie LU, Yuanjun LUO, Xiang LING. Characteristics and optimization study of an adiabatic Ca-looping Carnot battery system based on pumped thermal electricity storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4247-4258.

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储能过程		释能过程
循环高压 1C	92 bar	循环高压 2C2	124 bar
循环低压 1E	7 bar	循环低压 2E2	9 bar
冷却温度 1TH	400 ℃	中间压缩压力 2C1	20 bar
加热温度 1TL	45 ℃	中间膨胀压力 2E2	27 bar
		加热温度 2TH1、2	600 ℃
		冷却温度 2TL1、2	-150 ℃

储能过程		释能过程
循环高压 1C	201 bar	循环高压 2C2	171 bar
循环低压 1E	15 bar	循环低压 2E2	55 bar
循环压比	13.40	循环压比	3.11
冷却温度 1TH	397 ℃	中间压缩压力 2C1	56 bar
加热温度 1TL	39 ℃	中间膨胀压力 2E2	108 bar
循环高温	635.63 ℃	加热温度 2TH1、2	595 ℃
		冷却温度 2TL1、2	-102 ℃
分解温度	415 ℃	水合温度	600 ℃
		CaO预热温度 2HX3	572 ℃
		H₂O预热温度 SuperH	459 ℃
CaO存储温度 1HX4	50 ℃	Ca(OH)₂存储温度 2HX2	50 ℃

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