基于正交实验的双流体喷雾对电池包内热失控锂电池降温效果研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0566

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (11): 4177-4186.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0566

基于正交实验的双流体喷雾对电池包内热失控锂电池降温效果研究

朱鹏杰¹(), 李伟¹(), 张楚¹, 宋浩¹, 李贝贝¹, 刘秀梅¹, 刘利利²

^1.中国矿业大学机电工程学院，江苏徐州 221116
^2.江苏八方安全设备有限公司，江苏徐州 221000

收稿日期:2024-06-21 修回日期:2024-07-16 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-11-27
通讯作者: 李伟 E-mail:ts22050217p31@cumt.edu.cn;cmeetechnologylw@163.com
作者简介:朱鹏杰（1996—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事储能系统电池热失控预警及消防方面研究，E-mail：ts22050217p31@cumt.edu.cn；
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目(2021ZDPY0222);在徐高校服务“343”产业发展项目(2024050006)

Research on cooling effect of dual-fluid spray on thermal runaway in lithium batteries: An orthogonal experiment study

Pengjie ZHU¹(), Wei LI¹(), Chu ZHANG¹, Hao SONG¹, Beibei LI¹, Xiumei LIU¹, Lili LIU²

^1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^2.Jiangsu Bafang Safety Equipment Limited Company, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-06-21 Revised:2024-07-16 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-11-27
Contact: Wei LI E-mail:ts22050217p31@cumt.edu.cn;cmeetechnologylw@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂电池热失控具有温升速率快、易蔓延、化学反应复杂等特点，一般消防措施难以对其进行快速灭火降温。本工作提出使用CO₂和水组成低压双流体雾化喷雾消防系统，将此系统应用于液冷型电池包内热失控锂电池的消防降温，监测电池包内部以及电池温度变化，设计正交试验探究双流体喷雾各因素对电池包内的热失控锂电池降温效果的影响程度，分析各因素对于实验结果的影响。实验结果表明：双流体喷雾在电池包内的弥漫特性良好，能够对位于雾化喷嘴正下方的热失控电池进行有效降温，并且气体压力越高，水流量越大，喷嘴气孔数越多，雾滴弥漫性越好，电池降温时间越短，其中，雾化气体压力对实验结果的影响最为显著。最优水平参数下组合的双流体喷雾能够在较短时间内将热失控电池降温至安全温度，并有效抑制热量进一步传播。本工作研究成果在成本、环保性、二次伤害及降温效果上均优于传统灭火系统，可为储能电站及储能柜消防系统设计提供一种新的思路。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池, 热失控, 双流体, 正交试验, 降温, 液冷型电池包

Abstract:

Thermal runaway in lithium batteries is characterized by rapid temperature increases, easy propagation, and complex chemical reactions, making it difficult for conventional fire protection measures to quickly extinguish and cool affected batteries. This study proposes a low-pressure dual-fluid atomization spray fire protection system utilizing CO₂ and water, specifically designed for the fire protection and cooling of thermally runaway lithium batteries within liquid-cooled battery packs. The system monitors temperature changes both within the battery pack and individual batteries. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dual-fluid spray parameters on the cooling effect of thermally runaway lithium batteries, analyzing the impact of these factors on the results. Experimental findings demonstrate that the dual-fluid spray exhibits excellent diffusion characteristics within the battery pack, effectively cooling the thermally runaway battery located directly beneath the atomizing nozzle. Increased gas pressure, higher water flow rates, and a greater number of nozzle holes enhance droplet diffusion and significantly reduce battery cooling time. Among these factors, the atomizing gas pressure exerts the most significant influence on the experimental outcomes. Under optimal conditions, the dual-fluid spray system rapidly cools thermally runaway batteries to safe temperatures and effectively suppresses further heat propagation. This study's findings indicate that the proposed system surpasses traditional fire protection methods in terms of cost, environmental impact, and cooling effectiveness, presenting a novel solution for designing fire protection systems in energy storage stations and cabinets.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, thermal runaway, dual-fluid, orthogonal experiment, cooling, liquid cooled battery pack

中图分类号:

TM 912

朱鹏杰, 李伟, 张楚, 宋浩, 李贝贝, 刘秀梅, 刘利利. 基于正交实验的双流体喷雾对电池包内热失控锂电池降温效果研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 4177-4186.

Pengjie ZHU, Wei LI, Chu ZHANG, Hao SONG, Beibei LI, Xiumei LIU, Lili LIU. Research on cooling effect of dual-fluid spray on thermal runaway in lithium batteries: An orthogonal experiment study[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 4177-4186.

图/表 11

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消防系统	优点	缺点
细水雾	快速扑灭明火并降温	绝缘性差，易造成水渍灾害
七氟丙烷	快速扑灭明火	降温效果差，具有复燃风险
CO₂	快速扑灭明火，具有一定降温作用	降温效果差，可复燃
全氟己酮	快速扑灭明火并降温	成本高，对热失控抑制作用不明显
干粉	快速扑灭明火	无法阻止电池内副反应，可复燃
气溶胶	能扑灭明火	无法降温，可复燃

水平组数	影响因素
水平组数	P/MPa	Q/(L/min)	N
1	0.1	0.5	2
2	0.2	1	3
3	0.3	1.5	4
4	0.4	2	5
5	0.5	2.5	6

序号	影响因素				降温时间 t/s
序号	P/MPa	Q/(L/min)	N	误差	降温时间 t/s
1	0.1	0.5	2	1	2289
2	0.1	1	4	4	2166
3	0.1	1.5	6	2	1449
4	0.1	2	3	5	1789
5	0.1	2.5	5	3	1087
6	0.2	0.5	6	4	1458
7	0.2	1	3	2	1857
8	0.2	1.5	5	5	1589
9	0.2	2	2	3	1464
10	0.2	2.5	4	1	1261
11	0.3	0.5	5	2	1342
12	0.3	1	2	5	1671
13	0.3	1.5	4	3	1468
14	0.3	2	6	1	1017
15	0.3	2.5	3	4	1178
16	0.4	0.5	4	5	1620
17	0.4	1	6	3	1196
18	0.4	1.5	3	1	1512
19	0.4	2	5	4	1034
20	0.4	2.5	2	2	1058
21	0.5	0.5	3	3	1220
22	0.5	1	5	1	1056
23	0.5	1.5	2	4	1240
24	0.5	2	4	2	1185
25	0.5	2.5	6	5	956

项目	不同因素影响的降温时间/t
项目	气体压力	液体流量	气孔数量	误差
综合平均值1	1756	1585.8	1544.4	1427
综合平均值2	1525.8	1589.2	1511.2	1378.2
综合平均值3	1335.2	1451.6	1540	1287
综合平均值4	1284	1297.8	1221.6	1415.2
综合平均值5	1131.4	1108	1215.2	1525
极差R	624.6	481.2	329.2	238

影响因素	离差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	p值	显著性
气体压力	1160763	4	290191	7.84	0.036	显著
液体流量	842399	4	210600	5.69	0.060	相对显著
气孔数量	592922	4	148231	4.00	0.104	不显著
误差	148097	4	37024	1.00

基于正交实验的双流体喷雾对电池包内热失控锂电池降温效果研究

Research on cooling effect of dual-fluid spray on thermal runaway in lithium batteries: An orthogonal experiment study

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