A stack model of the redox flow battery analysis and computing program

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0723

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, graphic user interface (GUI) features such as current distributions inside a stack, fluid resistance, heat loss of free convection in a steady state, stack compression load, and selection of fastening blots were studied. The proposed model allows researchers to conduct multidisciplinary calculations and preliminarily evaluate stack performance. The mesh current method was used to analyze the equivalent circuit diagram of a multiple sub-stack battery, and Kirchhoff's voltage law under the constant-current conditions was used to solve the corresponding mesh currents. This approach could be used to calculate the actual current passing through each cell, bypass currents in channels and accumulated bypass currents. The flow resistance of a battery was indirectly affected by flow channels, stack external pipelines, electrode parameters, and head pressure of a stack. An empirical correction was used to implement the Darcy friction coefficient of rectangular flow channels to mitigate the calculation error of a turbulent flow to lower than 10% and achieve accurate laminar flow. The pressure drop formula of the Darcy 3 K method was used to estimate the coefficient of fittings in a minor loss. The electrolyte flow-through distance, the electrode permeability and electrolyte viscosity were used to determine the flow resistance of an electrode. Because if considerable deviation from the formula for calculated permeability, this factor appraisal was altered by entering the actual measured value. The heat dissipation of a stack inside a container was considered as free convection with and without thermal insulation in the steady state. The required inputs consisted of stack geometric dimensions, thickness of the covered insulations, ambient temperature, and stack-inside temperature. An optimal cell model was depicted as a panel with embedded cover plates that was used to simulate the stack compression load. This force was used to eliminate panel warping to press seals into the sealing grooves to counteract the internal fluid pressure and material thermal expansion and subsequently complete bolt selection.

Key words: redox flow battery, simulation, current, fluid, thermal, force

CLC Number:

TM 911

Ang LI, Xiaomeng LI, Jinghao LI, Jinyi ZHANG. A stack model of the redox flow battery analysis and computing program[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 879-892.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 2

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 3

Transport properties of dry air"

参数	T/℃	T/K	$κ / [W / (m · K)]$	$υ x 10 - 5 / (m 2 / s)$	Pr	$α x 10 - 5 / (m 2 / s)$
数值	2	275	0.0243	1.347	0.711	1.89
	27	300	0.0263	1.589	0.705	2.25
	52	325	0.0282	1.822	0.702	2.59

Table 3

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 4

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

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序号	参数	含义
1	Redox Flow System	ALL V
2	Electrolyte Condition	22 ℃/4 mol H₂SO₄
3	Current Density mA/cm²	200
4	Electrode Width/cm	100
5	Electrode Length/cm	20
6	Number of Sub-stacks	4
7	Number of Cells in Each Sub-stack	25
8	Channel Length/mm	800
9	Channel Width/mm	10
10	Channel Depth/mm	4
11	Manifold Thickness/mm	5
12	Manifold Sectional Area/mm²	2800
13	Branch Length/mm	500
14	Branch Dia./mm	30
15	Main Tube Length/mm	500
16	Main Tube Dia./mm	80

序号	常数	含义
1	Electrolyte Condition	ALL V
2	Unit Area Flow Rate/[mL/(cm²·min)]	2
3	Flow Factor	1
6	Number of 90° Elbows in Channel	1
7	Number of 180° Elbows in Channel	2
8	Number T-Joint in Channel	1
9	Number of 90° Elbows in Branch	1
10	Number of 180° Elbows in Branch	0
11	Channel Surface Roughness mm	0.009
12	Branch Surface Roughness mm	0.007
13	Height Between Inlet & Outlet mm	400
14	Number of Sub-stacks	4
15	Number of Cells in Each Sub-stack	25
16	Electrode Thickness/mm	3
17	Porosity/%	98
18	Darcy Permeability/m²	1.5e-10
19	Channel Length/mm	800
20	Channel Width/mm	10
21	Channel Depth/mm	4
22	Branch Length/mm	500
23	Branch Dia./mm	30

序号	参数	含义
1	Number of Cells	100
2	Number of Thermal Plates	4
3	Stack Height/mm	480
4	Stack Width/mm	1200
5	Cell Thickness/mm	5
6	End Plate Thickness/mm	15
7	End Plate Height/mm	500
8	End Plate Width/mm	1300
9	Lateral Wall Thickness/mm	15
10	Top & Bottom Wall Thickness/mm	15
11	Thermal Plate Thickness/mm	15
12	Insulation Thickness (Front Face)/mm	30
13	Insulation Thickness (Other Face)/mm	20
14	Stack Inside Temperature/℃	40
15	Air Temperature/℃	10

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