Effect of interfacial dynamics on low temperature performance of sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0599

Abstract

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a highly promising battery technology in the post-lithium era due to their abundant resources, affordability, high safety, and eco-friendliness. However, their use in cold regions and seasons is significantly limited without appropriate thermal protection. Although several factors contribute to the common capacity loss of SIBs at low temperatures, most are associated with the liquid electrolyte. In low-temperature environments, the fluidity of the electrolyte decreases, leading to poor compatibility between the electrolyte and the electrode. Therefore, the transport capacity of the sodium ion(Na⁺)in the electrolyte significantly decreases, resulting in a rapid decline in SIB performance and a substantial reduction in cycle life. This study explores the behavior of Na⁺ in the main electrolyte and at the interface between electrolyte and electrodes, summarizes the strategies to improve the performance of SIBs at low temperatures focusing on electrolyte salts, solvents, and additives, and highlights that the kinetic decline of Na⁺ through the interface is the primary factor affecting the performance of the battery at low temperatures. In addition, this study introduces new insights on solvation structure and systematically examines the design strategies of low-temperature electrolytes based on the regulation of solvation structure to improve the composition of the electrode/electrolyte interface and reduce the potential barrier of desolvation energy. Furthermore, potential approaches are proposed to improve the low-temperature performance of the battery by enhancing interface dynamics, providing valuable guidance for the effective design of low-temperature SIBs.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), low-temperature, electrode/electrolyte interface, solvation structure, desolvation

CLC Number:

TQ 152

Yijie YAO, Junwei ZHANG, Yanjun ZHAO, Hongcheng LIANG, Dongni ZHAO. Effect of interfacial dynamics on low temperature performance of sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 30-41.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

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Fig.4

Table 2

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功能	添加剂	适用电极
促进SEI形成	氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)	HC负极和合金负极
	1,3-丙烯磺酸内酯(PST)	HC负极
	硫酸乙烯酯(DTD)	HC负极
	碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)	MoO₂ 负极
	三(三甲基硅烷)磷酸酯(TMSP)	Sn₄P₃ 负极
	NaNO₃	钠金属负极
	SbF₃	钠金属负极
促进CEI形成	己二腈(ADN)	Na_0.76Ni_0.3Fe_0.4Mn_0.3O₂
	NaNO₂	Na_0.44MnO₂正极和钠金属负极
阻燃	F-EPE,EFPN	Na_0.44MnO₂ 正极和钠金属负极
提升电导率	EMlmFSI	HC负极
抗过充	联苯	Na_0.44MnO₂正极和钠金属负极

溶剂	熔点T_m/℃	沸点T_h/℃	黏度 η/(mPa·s)	介电常数
乙二醇二甲醚(DME)	-58	84	0.46	7.18
二乙二醇二甲醚(DEGDME)	-64	162	1.06	7.4
四乙二醇二甲醚(TEGDME)	-46	111	3.39	7.53
1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)	-95	74	0.59	6.79
四氢呋喃(THF)	-108	65	0.46	7.52
乙酸甲酯(MA)	-84	57	0.36	6.68
乙酸乙酯(EA)	-84	77	0.45	6.02
丙酸乙酯(EP)	-74	99	0.5	5.76
丁酸乙酯(EB)	-93.3	121.3	—	—

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