Hazard assessment of thermal runaway in a lithium-titanate battery energy storage power plant

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1006

Abstract

Abstract:

The characteristics of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway and its potential to trigger fires in electrochemical energy storage power stations remain poorly understood. Furthermore, there is a lack of robust disaster hazard evaluation methods that can address these risks. Thus, this study focused on a lithium-titanate battery storage power station battery and conducted both experimental research and theoretical analysis. The thermal runaway and fire hazards of lithium-titanate batteries were investigated under various abuse conditions to reveal the evolution of thermal runaway characteristic parameters. Results revealed that both the battery's state of charge and the location of the applied heat significantly affect the thermal runaway behaviors. Consequently, the date were used to develop two worst-case scenarios were to characterize the hazards associated with a single battery's thermal runaway. Using these assumptions, a three-dimensional hazard evaluation method was designed, assessing "fire"(heat hazard), "poison" (gas toxicity hazard), and "explosion" (explosion hazard). Thus, the study results indicate that under the worst extreme thermal runaway conditions, the safe zone distance for lithium-titanate batteries is 96 m.

Key words: lithium titanate battery, energy storage power plant, thermal runaway, fire, diaster hazard assessment

CLC Number:

TM 911

Peng PENG, Chengdong WANG, Man CHEN, Qingsong WANG, Qikai LEI, Kaiqiang JIN. Hazard assessment of thermal runaway in a lithium-titanate battery energy storage power plant[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1617-1630.

Figures/Tables 25

Fig. 1

Table 1

Parameters of lithium titanate battery"

型号	额定电压	正极材料	负极材料	容量	质量
66260	2.3 V	$L i N i 1 / 3 M n 1 / 3 C o 1 / 3 O 2$	$L i 4 T i 5 O 12$	50 Ah	1.9 kg

Table 1

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References 20

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气体名称	UEL/%	LEL/%	燃烧热/(kJ/kg)
CH₄	15	5	890.8
CO	74	12.5	9.2
H₂	75	4	1.4×10⁵

冲击波压强/kPa	伤害描述
13.8	对人产生直接伤害	耳膜破裂
48.3		内脏受伤
34.5~48.3		耳膜破裂概率为50%
68.9~103.4		耳膜破裂概率为90%
82.7~103.4		肺部出血
137.9~172.4		肺部出血致死概率为50%
206.8~241.3		肺部出血致死概率为90%
482.6~1379		直接死亡

6.9~13.8	对人产生间接伤害	爆破碎片划伤皮肤
13.8		摔倒致死
10.3~20.0		冲击波使人摔倒
55.2~110.3		冲击波使人移动

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