The effect of porous heat insulation plate on the heat spread barrier of lithium-ion battery module

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0784

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries have the potential risk of thermal runaway, and a single heat spread can result in the burning of the module or whole package, causing casualties and loss of property, which is a thorny problem that currently hinders the adoption and use of electric vehicles. In this study, a design concept of a porous thermal insulation boardis proposed. This concept uses the low thermal conductivity of the static air in the hole as a sandwich layer between the monomers to prevent heat spread. First, two heat transmission paths of porous heat insulation plates were analyzed: solid heat transfer and gas heat transfer. The heat propagation characteristics of the heat insulation plate under different thicknesses and different hole area ratios were simulated, and the delayed effect of the hole area ratio on heat propagation was verified by experiments. The results showed that at the same thickness, the larger the hole area ratio of the heat insulation plate, the better the thermal runaway barrier effect. The heat spread time within a 3-mm-thick heat insulation board with a 42.12% hole area was 51% higher than that of a non-porous heat insulation board with the same thickness. In addition, the porous heat insulation plate exhibited high structural strength, which could not easily crushable when the battery thermal runaway occurs, preventing the direct contact of adjacent monomer heat transfer. The materials for manufacturing porous heat insulation plates are readily available, it has a simple structure and is easy to process, thereby offering valuable guidance for the structural safety design of future battery modules.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermal runaway spread, heat insulation board, porous structure, hole area ratio

CLC Number:

TM 911

Heyu LI, Xiaobo HONG, Zihan CHEN, Dianbo RUAN. The effect of porous heat insulation plate on the heat spread barrier of lithium-ion battery module[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(2): 479-487.

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隔热材料	导热系数/[W/(m·℃)]	熔点/℃
云母	0.17	>1000
气凝胶	0.05	>1000
石蜡	0.15～0.2(随温度变化)	42(相变温度)

模组	材料	导热系数/[W/(m·℃)]	来源
电芯	自定义	λ_x =23.4 λ_y =17.2 λ_z =5.3	厂商
正极	铝	237	材料库
负极	铜	400	材料库
导电排	铜	400	材料库

电池序号	静止空气层间隔/mm				实心云母板厚度/mm
电池序号	1	3	5	10	1	3	5	10
#1	138	178	204	279	88	90	126	242
#3	132	171	194	270	86	96	147	238
#4	442	606	728	—	251	365	411	856

网格数	热蔓延相邻电池时间/s
147340	177
578751	179
857550	180
1132341	180

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