Fig. 1

Classification and main synthesis methods of molybdenum-based materials"

Table 1

Typical synthesis methods and electrochemical performance of molybdenum-based materials"

Fig. 2

(a) Rate behavior of discharge-charge capacities at different current densities of MoO2-δ and MoO2; (b) The top (upper panel) and side (lower panel) views of charge density difference for MoO2-δ and MoO2[19]; (c) DFT calculation of N, P-rGO/MoO2 with heteroatom variation[20]; (d) Galvanostatic charge-discharge profile of α-MoO3/SWCNH composite at different C-rates[23]; (e) Charge density difference of MoO3 intercalated by molecules[24]"

Fig. 3

(a) The structural evolution of the MoS2 foam; (b) The cyclic voltammograms of architected MoS2 foam anode at a scan rate of 0.3 mV/s[34]; (c) Schematic of major roles of the nanoscale SiOC shell in the N-MoS2/C@SiOC composite during the sodium-ion storage process[35]; (d) The plot of log (peak current) versus log (scan rate) at each peak on the CV curves of MoSe2 and MoSe2-VSe; (e) Calculated ground and excited Gibbs free energy of reactive stages[38]; (f) Cycling performance with Coulombic efficiency during 200 cycles at 1 A/g current rate[43]; (g) Schematic of reversible Li storage mechanism in MoTe2[44]"

Fig. 4

(a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Mo2C/C HDS-HSs[47]; (b) Illustration of the formation and structure of MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC; (c) Cycling life test of NiMoO4/CC, Ni@NCNTs/CC and MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC[49]; (d) Schematic of the transformation from Mo3O10(C6H8N)2-2H2O nanowires to Meso-Mo3N2-NWs; (e) Electrochemical reaction mechanism diagram of MoN@CMK-5/S[51]; (f) Schematic diagram of the preparation procedure of NCNF@MoP; (g) FESEM images of NCNF@MoP[54]"

Fig. 5

(a) Crystal structure of MnMoO4[57]; (b) Schematic diagram of the pseudocapacitive reaction mechanism in CoMoO4@CoP/BGA; (c) Surface capacitive contribution ratio at different scan rates[59]; (d) Charge and discharge of Ni/Ni3S2@NiMoO4//AC cells at different current densities[60]; (e) Schematic fabrication processes of NiCo2O4@NiMoO4/CC with different shell thickness[61]"

Fig. 6

(a) DOS of the MoO2/Mo2C heterostructure; (b) MoO2/Mo2C/C cycling properties at 1 A/g[68]; (c) Model of interface bridging between MoSe2- and N-doped carbon network; (d) Capacitive contribution and diffusion contribution at 1.2 mV/s[69]; (e) Schematic illustration for the synthesis strategy of 2D nonlayered Mo2C/Mo2N heterojunction nanosheets assembled by interconnected Mo2C and Mo2N nanocrystals, along with the theoretical model of Mo2C/Mo2N heterojunction and the analysis of electron interaction on heterointerface[71]"