Research progress on hard-carbon closed-pore structure of sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0896

Abstract

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), characterized by low cost and abundant resources, are promising candidates to supplement or even replace lithium-ion batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage. Hard carbon is currently the most useful anode material for SIBs, and its closed-cell structure is beneficial for improving the capacity of the low-voltage plateau region. However, the mechanism of the formation of the low potential plateau region in hard carbon is still controversial, and the relationship between the closed pore structure of hard carbon and electrochemical performance is not yet clear, which limits the industrial-scale manufacture of SIBs. In the study, we review the research progress and recent developments on the closed-cell structure of hard carbon in SIBs. First, we summarize the basic definition and sodium-storage mechanism of closed cell structure in hard carbon materials. Subsequently, we discuss the different methods for regulating the closed pore structure of carbon materials, closed pore structure analysis and characterization techniques, as well as the correlation between closed pore structure and sodium-storage electrochemical performance. Finally, we analyze the problems and challenges in the electrochemical performance of closed cell structures in hard carbon materials for SIBs, and we propose the primary development directions for the future.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, hard carbon, closed pore structure, platform area capacity

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yangfeng WANG, Jiaao HOU, Zichen ZHU, Cong SUO, Shuandi HOU. Research progress on hard-carbon closed-pore structure of sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(2): 555-569.

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