Gas-liquid-interconversion compressed carbon dioxide energy storage driven by waste heat from the ethylene process for industrial steam production

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0267

Abstract

Abstract:

Compressed carbon dioxide (CO₂) energy storage, as a representative direction for novel long-term energy storage, is an effective strategy for smoothing the high volatility of renewable electricity. To resolve the limited heat sources and application potential of existing adiabatic compressed CO₂ energy storage systems (ESSs), which result in decreased economic gains, a gas-liquid-interconversion compressed CO₂ ESS, which is driven by waste heat from the ethylene process, is proposed. This system utilizes low-grade waste heat from the ethylene process for the gasification of liquid CO₂ and the absorption of heat from the gasified CO₂ in its energy-release section. Additionally, it uses a proportion of the high-grade recovered heat from its energy-storage section to produce industrial steam, thereby enhancing heat utilization and the benefits of the ESS. Performance and economic sensitivity analysis under different operating conditions reveal that its power-generation capacity and energy-storage density decrease when most of the recovered heat is mainly used to generate industrial steam. However, the overall system cycle gain is significantly enhanced by steam-output profits. Additionally, when the compressed heat is mainly used to supply power to the energy-release section of the system, its power-cycle efficiency improves significantly, although the system gain is significantly impacted by the electricity-price difference, favoring regions with high electricity-price variability.

Key words: compressed carbon dioxide energy storage, ethylene-process waste heat, thermodynamic analysis, economic analysis

CLC Number:

Xiaohai ZHANG, Xinyu SUN, Zishuo MENG, Haiyang BIAN, Haolan ZHAO, Wenzhe ZHANG, Pan CHU, Mingtao LI. Gas-liquid-interconversion compressed carbon dioxide energy storage driven by waste heat from the ethylene process for industrial steam production[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3848-3858.

Figures/Tables 9

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Table A1

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参数	数值	参数	数值
余热温度/K	323.15	压缩机效率	0.90
低压侧工质温度/K	293.15(气态)	透平机工质入口温度/K	413.15(工况一)/383.15(工况二)/ 473.15(工况三)
低压侧工质压力/MPa	0.1	透平机工质入口流量/(kg/s)	40
高压侧工质温度/K	300.15(液态)	一段透平机工质入口压力/MPa	6.75
高压侧工质压力/MPa	6.75	透平段总膨胀比	67.5
压缩机工质入口温度/K	293.15	透平段各级膨胀比	8.22
压缩机工质入口流量/(kg/s)	40	透平机效率	0.9
一段压缩机工质入口压力/MPa	0.1	换热装置能效	0.95
压缩段总压缩比	67.5	储能/h	8
压缩机各级压缩比	8.22	释能/h	8

参数	仿真值	文献值^[20]	相对误差/%
电-电循环效率/%	78.70	77.70	1.29
压缩机入口工质温度/K	288.15	288.15	—
压缩机入口工质压力/MPa	0.1	0.1	—
压缩机出口工质温度/K	721.06	720.57	0.11
压缩机出口工质压力/MPa	6.86	6.86	—
压缩机耗电量/MWh	23.48	23.63	-0.63
冷却换热末端出口工质温度/K	297.65	297.65	—
冷却换热量/MWh	34.47	35.28	-2.30
高压储液温度/K	297.65	297.65	—
加热换热器末端出口工质温度/K	705.74	705.74	—
加热换热量/MWh	33.75	34.45	-2.03
透平机入口工质温度/K	705.74	705.74	—
透平机入口工质压力/MPa	5.42	5.42	—
透平机出口工质温度/K	358.75	359.90	-1.33
透平机出口工质压力/MPa	0.1	0.1	—
透平机发电量/MWh	18.58	18.36	1.20
CO₂质量流量/(kg/s)	54	54	—
充/放电时长/h	1	1	—

参数	工况一：绝热系统	工况二：产汽工况	工况三：产电工况
电-电循环效率/%	76.12	71.06	86.89
热量循环效率/%	100.44	59.57	73.30
压缩机总功耗/MWh	13.04	13.04	13.04
压缩机出口温度/K	487.15	487.15	487.15
压缩热回收值/MWh	12.48	12.48	12.48
蒸汽输出量/MWh	0	6.19(8 t)	0.76(1 t)
余热消耗值/MWh	0	4.27	4.27
透平机总发电/MWh	9.93	9.27	11.33
透平机入口温度/K	413.15	383.15	473.15
热量需求值/MWh	12.43	10.56	15.99
储能密度/(kWh/m³)	1.38	1.29	1.57
循环收益/元	4965	5355	5755
备注	自身热平衡	余热：气化潜热	余热：气化潜热

参数	工况一：绝热系统	工况二：产汽工况	工况三：产电工况
电-电循环效率/%	76.12	71.07	86.89
热量循环效率/%	100.44	59.57	73.3
压缩机总功耗/MWh	104.34	104.34	104.34
热量回收值/MWh	99.87	99.87	99.87
透平机总发电/MWh	79.42	74.16	90.64
热量需求值/MWh	99.44	84.48	127.92
压缩机：一段压缩
出口工质温度/K	487.42	487.42	487.42
出口工质压力/MPa	0.82	0.82	0.82
压缩机功耗/MWh	52.88	52.88	52.88
换热器-冷却-一段压缩
工质放热量-显热/MWh	-57.60	-57.60	-57.60
换热器换热量/MWh	-54.72	-54.72	-54.72
压缩机：二段压缩
出口工质温度/K	461.73	461.73	461.73
出口工质压力/MPa	6.75	6.75	6.75
压缩机功耗/MWh	51.46	51.46	51.46
换热器-冷却-二段压缩
工质放热量-显热/MWh	-47.52	-47.52	-47.52
工质放热量-潜热(不回收)/MWh	-32.43	-32.43	-32.43
工质相变温度/K	300.24	300.24	300.24
工质放热量-总量/MWh	-79.96	-79.96	-79.96
换热器换热量/MWh	-75.96	-75.96	-75.96
换热器-加热-一段膨胀
工质吸热量-潜热/MWh	32.43	32.43	32.43
工质吸热量-显热/MWh	32.57	23.52	51.28
工质吸热量-总量/MWh	65.00	56	83.76
换热器换热量/MWh	68.42	58.96	88.16
透平机：一段膨胀
入口工质温度/K	413.15	383.15	473.15
出口工质温度/K	311.58	297.58	348.61
出口工质压力/MPa	0.82	0.82	0.82
透平机做功/MWh	40.53	38.16	45.84
换热器-加热-二段膨胀
工质吸热量-显热/MWh	29.47	24.24	37.76
换热器换热量/MWh	31.02	25.52	39.76
透平机：二段膨胀
入口工质温度/K	413.15	383.15	473.15
出口工质温度/K	288.75	266.23	334.70
出口工质压力/MPa	0.10	0.10	0.10
透平机做功/MWh	38.89	35.92	44.8